INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AND REVIEW
Drug Inventory and Supply Chain Tracking
Drug Inventory and Supply Chain Management is a crucial aspect of the pharmaceutical industry that ensures the efficient tracking, storage, and distribution of medicines. This project aims to develop a web-based application using Python, Django, and SQLite/MySQL to streamline the management of drug inventory from manufacturers to pharmacists. The proposed system provides a centralized plat form for tracking medicine stock, managing orders, and enhancing supply chain visibility. The platform allows different stakeholders, including administrators, manufacturers, distributors, suppliers, and pharmacists, to efficiently manage their respective roles. By integrating QR code-based tracking and automated order pro cessing, the system improves accuracy, reduces wastage, and prevents stock short ages.
Blockchain-Inspired Architecture, SHA-256 Hashing, Order IntegrityAtomic Transactions (Django).
Mr. Syed Danish Shakeel ,Anas Muhammed Mansoor Ali , Syed Khaja Nizamuddin4. Abdul Raheem
Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
An Empirical Study On The Impact Of Gst On Logistics Management In Tirupur
This study presents an empirical analysis of the impact of Goods and Services Tax (GST) on logistics management in Tirupur, one of India’s leading textile and export hubs. The introduction of GST in 2017 marked a major transformation in India’s indirect tax structure by replacing multiple taxes with a unified system, thereby significantly influencing logistics and supply chain operations. The study aims to examine how GST has affected transportation efficiency, warehouse decisions, distribution performance, and overall operational efficiency in the logistics sector. Primary data was collected from 120 respondents including logistics managers, transport operators, warehouse supervisors, and business owners using a structured questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using statistical tools such as percentage analysis, chi-square test, correlation, regression, and ANOVA to ensure a comprehensive analytical approach. The findings reveal that GST has significantly reduced transit time, eliminated interstate barriers, improved warehouse consolidation decisions, and enhanced operational efficiency. The results also indicate that GST awareness plays a crucial role in shaping perceptions regarding tax simplification and logistics performance. Although initial challenges such as compliance complexity and digital adaptation were observed, the long-term benefits of GST outweigh these difficulties. The study concludes that GST has positively transformed logistics management practices in Tirupur by improving efficiency, reducing costs, and strengthening supply chain coordination.
GST, Logistics Management, Tirupur, Warehouse, Transportation, ANOVA, Correlation, Regression
Evaluating Repayment Rates And Sustainability Of The Microfinance Model In Empowering Women Entrepreneurs
This study focuses on evaluating repayment rates and the sustainability of the microfinance model in empowering women entrepreneurs. Microfinance has emerged as a key tool for financial inclusion by providing small loans and financial services to women who lack access to formal banking systems. The study examines how effectively women entrepreneurs utilize microfinance loans and their ability to repay them regularly. The research also analyzes the relationship between repayment behaviour and the sustainability of microfinance institutions (MFIs). A high repayment rate is often considered an indicator of success; however, this study highlights that repayment alone does not always reflect true economic empowerment. Factors such as income stability, business performance, financial literacy, and social conditions significantly influence repayment patterns.Using both descriptive and analytical methods, the study finds that while microfinance contributes to increased income and financial independence, many women still face challenges in repayment due to irregular income and financial constraints. The study concludes that for microfinance to be truly effective, it must balance financial sustainability with genuine empowerment by providing not only credit but also training, support, and flexible repayment systems
Microfinanc, Women Entrepreneurs, Repayment Behaviour, Financial Sustainability, Financial Inclusion, Self-Help Groups (SHGs), Women Empowerment, Income Generation, Loan Utilization, Financial Literacy
An Empirical Study On Customer Awareness And Adoption Of Health Insurance Policies Across Rural And Urban Regions
Health insurance plays a crucial role in safeguarding individuals from financial uncertainties arising due to medical emergencies. This study aims to analyze the level of awareness and adoption of health insurance policies among respondents using empirical data. The research is based on primary data collected from 300 respondents through a structured questionnaire. Various statistical tools such as percentage analysis, chi-square test, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and ANOVA have been employed to examine the relationship between demographic variables and awareness levels, as well as the impact of awareness on adoption behavior. The findings of the study reveal that awareness significantly influences the adoption of health insurance policies. It is also observed that demographic factors such as income, education, and place of residence play a vital role in determining awareness levels. The study concludes with practical suggestions to enhance awareness and improve policy penetration.
Health Insurance, Awareness, Adoption, Demographic factors, Chi-square, Correlation, Regression, ANOVA.
An Analytical Study On The Impact Of Investment In Advancing Sustainable Development Goals In North Madurai
Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires significant financial support, especially in developing regions where government funding alone is not enough. In this context, both public and private investments play an important role in supporting sustainable development. This study focuses on North Madurai, an urban–peri-urban region with various socio-economic challenges and examines how different types of investments contribute to achieving SDGs such as poverty reduction, education, healthcare, economic growth, and sustainable communities. The study uses a mixed-method approach, combining survey data, interviews, and case studies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the investment impact. The findings show that investments have a positive influence on the development of the region and that awareness of SDGs is gradually increasing, especially among young people. At the same time, the study identifies several challenges, including limited funding, delays in project approvals, and lack of coordination among stakeholders. Interestingly, the results indicate that factors like gender and occupation do not significantly affect people’s views on SDGs, suggesting a common level of awareness and interest across different groups. The study also highlights the strong role of private sector investments and emphasizes the importance of collaboration between public and private sectors to achieve better outcomes. In conclusion, although North Madurai has made some progress toward achieving SDGs, more efforts are needed to overcome existing challenges. Improving awareness, strengthening partnerships, and ensuring better use of financial resources can help accelerate sustainable development in the region. This study provides useful insights for policymakers, investors, and local organizations to support more effective and inclusive growth.
Sustainable Development Goals, Investment, ESG, Economic Development, Social Development, Environmental Sustainability, North Madurai.
A Study On The Relationship Between Interest Rate And Stock Market Volatility
This study examines the relationship between interest rate fluctuations and stock market volatility in India, focusing on the impact of monetary policy on investor behavior and market performance. Interest rates, regulated by the Reserve Bank of India, influence borrowing costs, investment decisions, and stock prices. Higher interest rates tend to reduce investment and stock valuations, while lower rates encourage economic activity and market growth. The study uses both primary data collected through structured questionnaires and secondary data from sources such as the Reserve Bank of India, National Stock Exchange, and Bombay Stock Exchange. Statistical tools including descriptive analysis, correlation, regression, and ANOVA are used to analyze the data. The findings reveal a significant relationship between interest rate changes and market volatility, indicating that fluctuations increase uncertainty and price movements. The study also highlights the role of investor perception in influencing stock market behavior and supports informed decision-making.
Interest Rate, Stock Market Volatility, Investor Behavior, Monetary Policy, Financial Markets, India
Impact Of Disruptive Marketing And Organizational Credibility On Consumer Trust In The Indian Fintech Sector
The rapid growth of financial technology (fintech) has significantly transformed the delivery and consumption of financial services in India. This study examines the impact of disruptive marketing and organizational credibility on consumer trust, and further explores the relationship between consumer trust and behavioural intention toward fintech services. Primary data was collected from 120 respondents using questionnaire. Statistical tools such as descriptive analysis, reliability testing, correlation, and multiple regression were applied using SPSS. The findings reveal that organizational credibility has a significant positive influence on consumer trust, whereas disruptive marketing shows a weak and statistically insignificant effect. The regression results further confirm that credibility is a stronger predictor of trust compared to marketing efforts. Additionally, the relationship between consumer trust and behavioural intention was found to be insignificant, suggesting that trust alone may not determine adoption behaviour.The study concludes that fintech companies should prioritize credibility factors such as security, transparency, and reliability over aggressive marketing strategies. The findings contribute to understanding consumer behaviour in the fintech sector and provide practical insights for developing effective trust-building strategies..
Disruptive Marketing, Organizational Credibility, Consumer Trust, Financial Technology (Fintech), Behavioural Intention, Digital Payments, Technology Adoption, Consumer Behaviour.
A Study On Impact Of Financial Stress On Career Choices And Saving Habits Of Young Professionals
Financial stress has become a significant concern in today’s economic environment, affecting individuals across various socio economic backgrounds. This study aims to examine the impact of financial stress on career decisions and saving behaviour among ind ividuals. Primary data was collected from 100 respondents using a structured questionnaire. Statistical tools such as percentage analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, and ANOVA were applied using SPSS software. The findings of the stud y reveal that financial stress significantly influences career decisions, particularly in terms of job security preference and risk avoidance. Individuals experiencing higher financial stress tend to prioritize stable employment over high risk career oppor tunities. Furthermore, financial stress also affects saving behaviour, limiting individuals’ ability to save regularly. The study also highlights the importance of financial knowledge, which positively influences saving habits and financial planning. Howev er, the ANOVA results indicate that financial stress does not significantly differ across income groups, suggesting that stress is experienced across all economic levels. The study concludes that improving financial literacy and promoting effective financi al planning can help reduce financial stress and enhance decision making capabilities.
: Financial Stress, Career Decisions, Saving Behaviour, Financial Literacy, Financial
A Study On Effectiveness Of Digital Payment Systems Among Urban Consumers
The rapid advancement of digital technology has significantly transformed the financial landscape, particularly in urban areas. Digital payment systems such as UPI, mobile wallets, internet banking, and card-based transactions have become an integral part of everyday financial activities. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of digital payment systems among urban consumers by analyzing their awareness, usage patterns, satisfaction levels, and challenges faced.Primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire from 150 respondents, while secondary data was gathered from journals, reports, and websites. Statistical tools such as percentage analysis, mean, standard deviation, correlation, regression, and chi-square tests were used for analysis. The findings indicate that digital payment systems are widely accepted due totheir convenience, speed, and accessibility. However, concerns related to security, technical issues, and trust continue to influence user behavior.The study concludes that digital payment systems are highly effective but require improvements in security, user awareness, and infrastructure to ensure sustainable growth and user satisfaction.
Digital Payments, UPI, Customer Satisfaction, Urban Consumers, Financial Technology, Security, Ease of Use
A Study Of Financial Literacy And Investment Behaviour Among Individuals
Financial literacy has emerged as a critical factor influencing individuals’ financial decision-making and investment behaviour. This study examines the relationship between financial literacy and investment behaviour among individuals across different demographic backgrounds. Primary data was collected from 250 respondents using a structured questionnaire. Statistical tools such as correlation, regression, ANOVA, and Chi-square tests were applied to analyze the data. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between financial literacy and investment behaviour. Individuals with higher financial knowledge tend to make informed investment decisions, diversify their portfolios, and exhibit better risk management practices. However, a considerable proportion of respondents still demonstrate moderate financial literacy, indicating the need for continuous financial education. The study concludes that improving financial literacy can enhance investment participation and overall financial well-being.
Financial Literacy, Investment Behaviour, Risk Tolerance, Financial Decision-Making, Investment Awareness
Student Perspectives on the Integration of ICT in Secondary Education: Evidence from Alipurduar District, West Bengal
This study investigates student perspectives on the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in secondary education within Alipurduar District, West Bengal a geographically peripheral, tribal-dominated region characterised by limited digital infrastructure. A descriptive survey method was employed with 200 secondary school students (Classes IX and X) selected through stratified random sampling from eight schools across rural, semi-urban, and urban areas. A structured Likert-scale questionnaire served as the primary data collection instrument. The study hypothesises that students in Alipurduar hold moderately positive attitudes towards ICT in learning, yet face substantial infrastructural and pedagogical barriers to its effective integration. Results reveal that 68.5% of respondents demonstrated positive perceptions of ICT integration, while only 37.5% of sampled schools had functional internet connectivity. Statistically significant gender differences were observed, with male students exhibiting stronger positive ICT attitudes. The study confirms that inadequate infrastructure, insufficient teacher training, poor connectivity, and language barriers in digital content collectively hinder effective ICT integration. Targeted policy interventions are recommended to accelerate digital equity in secondary education across the district. Data used in this study pertains to the period up to 2021.
ICT integration, secondary education, student perspectives, Alipurduar district, West Bengal
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Transforming Toxicity into Trust: Leadership Interventions for Sustainable Employee Engagement and Workplace Well-Being
Toxic Leadership have very well documented adverse effects but much less empirical attention has been devoted to assessing specific leadership interventions as remedies to this harm. This quasi-experimental study aims to compare workplace outcomes before and after a 12-month multi-modal leader-level intervention program on employee engagement, trust and well-being in organizations with previously established high levels of toxic leadership (N = 876 employees, 124 leaders). The intervention included five integrated components: executive coaching, leadership training workshops, anonymous feedback systems, reforms of organizational policies, and cultural audit processes. Repeated-measures ANOVA results showed significant increases from pre- to post-intervention in trust in leadership (F(1,874) = 142.6, p < 0.001, η² = 0.14); employee engagement (F(1,874) = 189.3, p < 0.001, η² = 0.18); and well-being indices (F(1,874) = 128.4, p < 0.001, η² = 0.13), as illustrated in Table 1. In a final step of hierarchical regression analysis, coaching and mentoring explained the most unique variance in improvement in engagement (ΔR² = 0.11) and were followed by policy reforms (ΔR² = 0.08). The study gives the practical steps to transforming from toxic operation cultures to trust-based leadership cultures. New research finds that leadership interventions provide the largest boost to employee engagement when it comes to trust which impacts work-related well-being and positive organizational transformation
Toxic Workplace Culture, Transformational Leadership, Employee Engagement, Workplace Well-being, Organizational Trust
Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Role Of Digital Marketing In The Growth Of FMCG Companies And Its Impact On E-Commerce
The world is shifting from analog to digital and marketing isn't any exception. As technology development is increasing, the employment of digital marketing, social media marketing, computer program marketing is additionally increasing. Internet users are increasing rapidly and digital marketing has profited the foremost because it mainly depends on the net. Consumer's buying behavior is changing and that they are more inclined towards digital marketing instead of traditional marketing. The aim of this review paper is to check the impact of digital marketing and the way important it's for both consumers and marketers. This paper begins with an introduction of digital marketing then it highlights the mediums of digital marketing, the difference between traditional and digital marketing, and also the pros, cons, and importance of digital marketing in today's era as well as how digital marketing has helped to grow companies especially in FMCG sector and made its impact on electronic commerce.​
Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
महिला कर्मचारियों के लिए सार्वजनिक स्थानों और यात्रा में सुरक्षा का अध्ययन
भारत में महिला कर्मचारियों की संख्या में निरंतर वृद्धि के साथ-साथ सार्वजनिक स्थानों और यात्रा के दौरान उनकी सुरक्षा एक गंभीर राष्ट्रीय विषय बन गई है। इस शोध का उद्देश्य यह जानना है कि भारत में कार्यरत महिलाओं को सार्वजनिक परिवहन और सार्वजनिक स्थानों पर किन सुरक्षा चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ता है और यह उनकी कार्य भागीदारी को किस प्रकार प्रभावित करती है। यह अध्ययन द्वितीयक आँकड़ों पर आधारित है, जिनमें NCRB (2018–2022), POSH अधिनियम की शिकायतें, और NFHS-5 (2021) शामिल हैं। शोध परिकल्पना यह है कि असुरक्षित सार्वजनिक स्थान और परिवहन महिला कर्मचारियों की कार्य भागीदारी को नकारात्मक रूप से प्रभावित करते हैं। NCRB 2022 के अनुसार महिलाओं के विरुद्ध 4,45,256 अपराध दर्ज हुए और सार्वजनिक परिवहन का उपयोग करने वाली 56% महिलाओं ने यौन उत्पीड़न का अनुभव किया। निष्कर्ष बताते हैं कि बुनियादी ढाँचे में सुधार, POSH जागरूकता, और सुरक्षित परिवहन व्यवस्था से महिला कर्मचारियों की स्थिति में उल्लेखनीय सुधार किया जा सकता है।
महिला सुरक्षा, सार्वजनिक परिवहन, यात्रा उत्पीड़न, POSH अधिनियम, कार्यक्षेत्र सुरक्षा
Copyright (c) 2023 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Determine On Concept Of Leadership And Theories
Efficient administration, which may inspire employees to concentrate on reaching the company's objectives, relies on strong leadership What leaders do and how they behave have a huge impact on how followers act . But encouraging employees so that they may work enthusiastically and confidently is critical for every firm. Given the critical nature of leadership in any given organization, it is worthwhile to examine the many perspectives and recommendations offered by scholars in the field of leadership studies. Utmost importance to have a strong command of leadership that is strategic in nature. A number of authors have attempted to provide an explanation for what constitutes strategic leadership throughout the course of time. The capability of a leader to predict, envisage, and maintain flexibility, as well as the ability to empower others to make strategic change when it is necessary, are the defining characteristics of strategic leadership. This study additionally delves into the associated components and their interactions in an effort to discover a means to enhance it. The management effectiveness, conflict resolution strategies, and leadership styles of managers in the banking and automobile sectors in the NCR have been the subject of a large-scale literature review spanning the years 2000 to 2018. Leadership styles, conflict resolution strategies, and management performance were the topics included in the studies that made up the literature review.
Digital Marketing In E-Commerce And Market Performance
Various analyses were conducted, and the research's findings represent the attitude of customers about the selection of online portals carried out by these social media sites. The vast majority of people who took the survey saw the internet as an important part of their daily life and a reliable resource for news and other information. Because it contains current information, people trust online sources and think it's safe to use the internet to get their facts straight. Social networking sites, such as Facebook, would occupy a significant amount of people's leisure time, with many more following closely after. The results of the study show clearly that people pay attention to ads for portals on various social media platforms, and that these ads encourage them to keep driving. According to the results, these social media platforms are always front and center when it comes to their ultimate purchasing choice. People are more inclined to utilize the information and make decisions when they receive affordable and helpful portals or offers, such as promotions and discounts on items. Additionally, the study found that when buyers have a good attitude about e-WOM and online advertising promoting brands, they are more likely to make a purchase. When deciding how to behave, customers will take into account the ease of the cancellation policy, the simplicity of the dispute resolution process, the variety and quality of the items, and their level of comfort with all the amenities offered by the portals.
Digital Marketing , E-Commerce , Market Performance
Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
मधुबनी (बिहार) में मतदाता सहभागिता, राजनीतिक जागरूकता तथा लोकतांत्रिक भागीदारी का विश्लेषण
मधुबनी बिहार के मिथिलांचल क्षेत्र में स्थित एक महत्वपूर्ण लोकसभा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र है, जहाँ जनगणना 2011 के अनुसार 44,87,379 की कुल जनसंख्या में से 96.4% ग्रामीण है तथा जिले की साक्षरता दर केवल 58.62% है। यह शोध पत्र 2009 से 2024 की अवधि के प्रमाणित चुनावी आँकड़ों के आधार पर मधुबनी में मतदाता सहभागिता, राजनीतिक जागरूकता और लोकतांत्रिक भागीदारी का विश्लेषण करता है। शोध का उद्देश्य जाति, लिंग और साक्षरता जैसे सामाजिक कारकों का मतदान व्यवहार पर पड़ने वाले प्रभाव को समझना है। अध्ययन में भारत निर्वाचन आयोग के प्रमाणित आँकड़े और जनगणना 2011 का उपयोग किया गया है। परिकल्पना है कि जाति-आधारित राजनीतिक गोलबंदी, निम्न महिला साक्षरता और सीमित नागरिक जागरूकता मतदान की गुणात्मक भागीदारी को प्रभावित करते हैं। परिणाम दर्शाते हैं कि 2024 लोकसभा में मधुबनी का मतदान प्रतिशत 53.04% रहा, जो राष्ट्रीय औसत से काफी कम है। महिला मतदाताओं की संख्या में वृद्धि सकारात्मक है, परन्तु राजनीतिक जागरूकता अभी भी सीमित है। निष्कर्षतः साक्षरता विस्तार, नागरिक शिक्षा और महिला सशक्तिकरण ही मधुबनी में लोकतांत्रिक भागीदारी को गहरा कर सकते हैं।
मतदाता सहभागिता, राजनीतिक जागरूकता, लोकतांत्रिक भागीदारी, मधुबनी बिहार, जाति राजनीति
An Empirical Analysis of Agricultural Income Growth and Its Challenges in Bhojpur, Bihar
This empirical research examines agricultural earnings growth trends and points out the most pressing issues that afflict the farming households in the Bhojpur district of Bihar in India. The goals are to study trends in agricultural income and crop production in 2015-16-2023-24 and study the socio-economic factors that hinder the growth of income. A descriptive analytical research design was adopted using secondary data including the Bihar Economic Survey, Agriculture Census, NABARD NAFIS, NSO 77th Round and Directorate of Economics and Statistics. Compound Annual Growth rate (CAGR) analysis, growth rate divergence ratio analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to test three hypotheses. It concludes that the agricultural income CAGR of Bihar (4.32) is significantly lower compared to the national CAGR (7.35), and the level of absolute income difference between 2015-16 and 2021-22 expanded by 151%. In spite of average crop production growth of 6.08% CAGR, the growth in income was at 4.32%, which validates the production-income disconnect. The analysis of cross-state correlation demonstrates that there is a strong negative correlation (r = -0.888, p < 0.01) between marginal landholding proportion and the income of the farm. The research paper concludes that agricultural development in Bhojpur is necessary, which can be achieved by land consolidation, credit growth, diversification of crops, and enhancement of market infrastructure.
Agricultural Income, Bhojpur District, Land Fragmentation, Empirical Analysis, Farmer Livelihood
Evaluating the Relationship between Local Startup Ecosystems and MSME Development in Pune, Maharashtra
The present study evaluates the relationship between the local startup ecosystem and the development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Pune, Maharashtra. The primary objective is to examine how startup incubation infrastructure, government policy support, and venture funding mechanisms influence MSME growth indicators such as registration, employment generation, and sectoral output in the Pune district. A descriptive-analytical research design was adopted, utilizing secondary data sourced from the Udyam Registration Portal, DPIIT Startup India database, MSME Annual Reports (2019–2022), and KPMG Maharashtra Startup Ecosystem Report. The study hypothesized that districts with stronger startup ecosystem components demonstrate higher MSME registration and employment figures. Results indicate that Pune district recorded the highest number of Udyam-registered MSMEs in Maharashtra, with 1,29,197 micro, 6,502 small, and 832 medium enterprises by July 2021, employing over 8.5 lakh persons. The startup ecosystem's contribution through incubation centres, seed funding, and technology transfer was found to be positively associated with MSME formalization and output diversification. The study concludes that integrated policy frameworks connecting startup incubators with MSME clusters can significantly accelerate industrial development in emerging urban economies like Pune.
Startup Ecosystem, MSME Development, Pune, Entrepreneurship, Udyam Registration
Interdisciplinary Approaches to Environmental Learning, Population Education, and Genetic Advancement: An Analytical Study
The present study analytically examines the interdisciplinary convergence of environmental learning, population education, and genetic advancement within the broader educational landscape, with particular reference to India. The primary objectives are to analyse the integration of environmental and population education across curricular frameworks and to assess the role of genetic literacy in strengthening interdisciplinary pedagogical approaches. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical research design, drawing upon secondary data sourced from government reports, UNESCO databases, and peer-reviewed publications up to 2019. It is hypothesized that interdisciplinary curricular integration of environmental learning, population education, and genetic literacy significantly enhances educational outcomes and sustainability awareness. The results, presented through six data tables from verified national and international sources, reveal that while environmental education enrolment and awareness have shown measurable improvement (Gross Enrolment Ratio in higher education reaching 26.3% by 2018-19), population education coverage remains inconsistent, and genetic literacy scores remain below 66% globally. The discussion establishes that an integrated interdisciplinary framework aligning these three domains can address critical gaps in curricular design. The study concludes that policy-driven, structured interdisciplinary models are essential for holistic educational reform in India.
Interdisciplinary Education, Environmental Learning, Population Education, Genetic Literacy, Curricular Integration.
Influence of Cloud Technologies on Strategic IT Planning and Digital Transformation in Modern Enterprises
Cloud computing has emerged as a transformative paradigm reshaping enterprise operations across global industries. This research investigates the influence of cloud technologies on strategic IT planning and digital transformation in modern enterprises. The primary objectives include examining the relationship between cloud adoption and organizational performance, identifying key factors affecting cloud-based strategic planning, evaluating the impact of cloud services on business agility and operational efficiency, and analyzing security challenges associated with cloud implementation. The study employs a descriptive research methodology utilizing secondary data analysis with quantitative assessment of enterprise cloud adoption statistics, market trends, and performance indicators from 2020-2023. The hypothesis posits that organizations implementing comprehensive cloud strategies demonstrate significantly higher digital transformation success rates compared to non-adopters. Results indicate that 94% of enterprises utilized cloud services by 2023, with organizations reporting 20-30% operational cost reductions and enhanced business agility. Cloud adoption contributed to 14% improvement in organizational performance goals achievement. However, 39% of businesses experienced cloud-related security incidents in 2023, emphasizing the need for robust governance frameworks. The study concludes that strategic cloud integration significantly accelerates digital transformation, though organizations must balance innovation with comprehensive security measures and effective IT governance to maximize value creation.
Cloud Computing, Digital Transformation, Strategic IT Planning, Enterprise Technology, Business Agility.
Constitutional Foundations and Political Dynamics of Secularism in India
Secularism in India represents a unique constitutional philosophy that distinguishes itself from Western models by embracing all religions equally rather than separating religion from the State entirely. This paper aims to examine the constitutional foundations of secularism as embedded in the Indian Constitution and to critically analyse the political dynamics that have shaped, challenged, and redefined secularism in post-independence India. The study adopts a doctrinal legal research methodology, relying on primary sources including constitutional provisions, landmark judicial pronouncements of the Supreme Court of India, parliamentary debates, and statutory enactments, supplemented by secondary sources such as authoritative legal commentaries, journal articles, and government reports published up to 2022. The findings reveal that while the constitutional framework provides a robust foundation for secularism, political instrumentalisation of religion has consistently tested its boundaries, leading to judicial interventions that have both strengthened and complicated the secular mandate. Indian secularism remains a contested but constitutionally resilient principle whose survival depends on judicial vigilance, political accountability, and civic engagement.
Secularism, Indian Constitution, Fundamental Rights, Judicial Review, Religion and Politics.
Digital Banking and Its Impact on Financial Accessibility in India
Digital banking—mobile and internet banking, UPI-based payments, Aadhaar-enabled services, and fintech-led onboarding—has reshaped financial accessibility in India by lowering transaction costs, expanding reach beyond physical branches, and enabling real-time, low-value payments at scale. This paper assesses how digital banking contributes to financial access across three dimensions: availability (reach and touchpoints), affordability (cost and convenience), and usage (regular adoption for payments, savings, and credit). Using official scheme and system indicators, we show that India has built a large base for access via financial inclusion (PMJDY) and rapid expansion of digital payments (UPI). Evidence indicates UPI transaction volumes rose from 92 crore (FY2017–18) to 13,116 crore (FY2023–24), while total digital payment transaction volume increased from 2,071 crore (FY2017–18) to 18,737 crore (FY2023–24). (Department of Financial Services) We also document enabling infrastructure: 57.52 crore PMJDY beneficiaries as of 28/01/2026, a large national internet subscriber base, and expanded payment touchpoints supported by policy initiatives like PIDF. (pmjdy.gov.in) The paper concludes that digital banking has materially improved day-to-day financial access, but persistent barriers—digital divide, capability gaps, fraud risks, and uneven rural infrastructure—still constrain equitable outcomes.
Digital banking, financial accessibility, UPI, PMJDY, digital payments, Aadhaar, fintech, India, inclusion.
Role of Caste Identities in Shaping Democratic Processes in Madhubani District of Bihar
The present study examines the role of caste identities in shaping democratic processes in Madhubani district of Bihar, a region deeply embedded in the Mithila cultural landscape where caste-based social hierarchies continue to influence political behaviour. The primary objectives of this research are to analyze the extent to which caste identities determine voting patterns and to assess caste-based representation in electoral politics within Madhubani district. The study employs a descriptive-analytical research design, utilizing secondary data sourced from the Election Commission of India, Census of India 2011, and published scholarly literature. The hypothesis posits that caste identities significantly determine voter preferences and candidate selection processes in Madhubani. The findings reveal that caste remains a decisive variable in electoral mobilization, candidate nomination, and alliance formation. Upper castes, OBCs, and Scheduled Castes demonstrate distinct voting alignments linked to specific political parties. The discussion highlights that while developmental narratives have gained some traction, caste arithmetic continues to dominate seat-level electoral strategies. The study concludes that democratic processes in Madhubani are substantially mediated through caste identities, necessitating policy interventions that promote issue-based political engagement over identity-driven mobilization.
Caste Identity, Democratic Process, Electoral Behaviour, Madhubani, Bihar Politics
आधुनिक भारतीय हिंदी लेखकों के चयनित साहित्य में गरीबी और निम्नवर्गीय परिवारों का चित्रण
भारतीय हिंदी साहित्य में गरीबी और निम्नवर्गीय परिवारों का चित्रण सामाजिक यथार्थवाद का केंद्रीय तत्व रहा है। प्रेमचंद से लेकर समकालीन लेखकों तक, साहित्यकारों ने दलित, किसान, मजदूर और वंचित वर्गों की पीड़ा को गहन संवेदनशीलता से प्रस्तुत किया है। प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र का उद्देश्य आधुनिक हिंदी साहित्य में गरीबी के साहित्यिक चित्रण और निम्नवर्गीय परिवारों की सामाजिक-आर्थिक स्थिति का विश्लेषण करना है। इस अध्ययन में विवरणात्मक एवं विश्लेषणात्मक शोध पद्धति का प्रयोग किया गया है। प्रेमचंद के रचना संसार, स्वातंत्र्योत्तर हिंदी कहानियों और समकालीन उपन्यासों का साहित्यिक विश्लेषण किया गया है। परिणाम दर्शाते हैं कि हिंदी साहित्य में गरीबी केवल आर्थिक अभाव तक सीमित नहीं है बल्कि यह जमींदारी शोषण, जातिगत भेदभाव, कृषि संकट और मजदूर उत्पीड़न का व्यापक चित्रण प्रस्तुत करती है। समकालीन साहित्य में कृषि संकट और २१वीं सदी के उपन्यासों में मजदूर वर्ग का यथार्थपरक अंकन मिलता है। निष्कर्षतः हिंदी साहित्य निम्नवर्गीय परिवारों की वास्तविकता को प्रामाणिकता से अभिव्यक्त करता है। DOI: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/02.2026-66449315
गरीबी, निम्नवर्गीय परिवार, हिंदी साहित्य, सामाजिक यथार्थवाद, साहित्यिक चित्रण
Interactive Dashboard–Based Analysis of Personal Financial Transactions for Budget Control and Savings Enhancement
Personal financial management has become increasingly complex due to the rapid growth of digital payments and diverse spending channels. Individuals often struggle to track expenses, understand spending behaviour, and maintain consistent savings. This paper presents an interactive dashboard–based analytical framework for personal financial transaction analysis aimed at supporting effective budget control and savings enhancement. The proposed system integrates a relational database for structured data storage, spreadsheet-based preprocessing for data refinement and indicator computation, and a business intelligence platform for real-time interactive visualization. The framework enables users to explore category-wise expenses, payment mode patterns, monthly trends, and savings performance through intuitive dashboards. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed system significantly improves visibility of financial behaviour and supports informed decision-making for sustainable financial planning.
Personal finance analytics, expense tracking, interactive dashboards, Power BI, financial decision support, data visualization.
Digital transformation has reshaped many public and institutional services; however, election management in several environments still depends heavily on physical polling and manual procedures. These conventional approaches suffer from limited accessibility, operational complexity, delayed result generation, and susceptibility to human error. This paper presents the design and implementation of a secure and scalable virtual voting system that enables remote participation while preserving the integrity and confidentiality of the voting process. The proposed system employs OTP-based authentication for voter verification, role-based access control for election administration, encrypted vote storage, and automated vote tallying. A web-based architecture implemented using the Django framework supports multiple elections, candidate management, and real-time monitoring by authorized administrators. The platform is designed to prevent duplicate voting, ensure voter anonymity, and provide a transparent and auditable workflow. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the system supports secure authentication, reliable vote submission, and accurate result computation with low latency. The proposed solution is suitable for institutional, organizational, and community-level elections and provides a practical foundation for future large-scale digital voting systems.
virtual voting, e-voting, OTP authentication, secure web application, election management system, Django.
AI-Powered Skill Gap Identification and Career Guidance Platform Using Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing
The rapid transformation of industry driven by automation, artificial intelligence, and digital services has significantly altered workforce requirements. A major consequence of this transformation is the widening gap between the skills possessed by individuals and the competencies demanded by employers. Conventional career guidance mechanisms are typically static, manually driven, and poorly aligned with real-time labour market dynamics. This paper presents an AI-powered skill gap identification and career guidance platform that integrates natural language processing, machine learning, and recommendation techniques to provide personalized career pathways. The proposed system automatically extracts skills from user profiles and resumes, predicts suitable job roles, computes a Skill Gap Index (SGI), and recommends targeted learning resources. The platform is implemented using a lightweight machine learning pipeline and a web-based service architecture. Experimental results demonstrate that the system can reliably identify user skills, predict relevant career roles, and generate actionable recommendations for upskilling. The proposed framework offers a scalable and transparent decision-support solution for modern career development ecosystems.
Skill gap analysis, career guidance, machine learning, NLP, recommendation system, employability analytics.
The Impact of Spirituality Management on New Private Sector Banks in India: A Review
This paper examines the growing intersection of spirituality management and organizational effectiveness in new private sector banks in India. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature, this research investigates how dimensions of workplace spirituality including meaningful work, sense of community, and alignment with organizational values influence both employee outcomes and organizational performance. The findings reveal that spirituality management practices positively impact employee job satisfaction, organizational commitment, stress management, and ethical decision-making, which in turn enhance customer service quality and organizational performance. However, implementation challenges exist, including measurement difficulties and contextual variations. The paper concludes that spirituality management represents a valuable yet underutilized approach for new private sector banks in India, offering recommendations for practitioners and suggesting directions for future research that addresses current knowledge gaps.
Spirituality management, workplace spirituality, private sector banks, organizational effectiveness, employee well-being.
A study of Demat account securities and it’s processes: paradigm shift from traditional approach to Modern Dematerialization
Shares and securities are maintained in electronic form through a Demat Account. Having a Demat Account is mandatory for conducting transactions in the stock market.Entry into the stock market occurs either through the primary market, where companies issue new securities to the public for the first time via an Initial Public Offering (IPO), or through the secondary market, where investors trade existing shares of listed companies. Once the account is set up, investors can purchase securities either through a broker or via online trading platforms. To open a Demat Account, one must contact a registered Depository Participant (DP). A list of authorized DPs is available on the official websites of National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) and Central Depository Services Limited (CDSL). Interested individuals can either download the account opening form from the DP’s website or collect it from their office.