INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AND REVIEW
Supply Chain Integration, Project Management, And Operational Excellence In Manufacturing Organizations
Manufacturing organizations increasingly pursue operational excellence through the simultaneous deployment of supply chain integration and disciplined project management, yet empirical evidence explaining how these two capabilities interact remains fragmented. This study examines the mechanism through which supply chain integration translates into operational excellence, and tests whether project management capability functions as the transmission channel that converts integration into measurable performance. Cross-sectional survey data were gathered from 342 manufacturing firms operating in automotive, electrical and electronics, pharmaceutical and chemical, machinery, and textile sectors, using a structured instrument administered to operations, supply chain, and project executives. Constructs were measured with validated multi-item scales, and the measurement model satisfied thresholds for reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity, with composite reliabilities between 0.842 and 0.913. Hierarchical regression and covariance-based structural equation modelling were applied, supported by bootstrapped mediation testing and moderated path analysis. Results show that supply chain integration exerts a significant direct effect on operational excellence, and a substantially larger total effect once the indirect route through project management capability is accounted for. Project management capability partially mediates the relationship, carrying approximately forty-four percent of the total effect, while digital and information technology enablement significantly strengthens the conversion of integration into project management capability. Firms in the highest integration maturity quartile outperform the lowest quartile across cost efficiency, quality conformance, delivery reliability, and process flexibility. The findings clarify that integration alone is insufficient; disciplined project execution is the mechanism that operationalises integration into durable operational advantage for manufacturing organizations.
Supply chain integration; project management capability; operational excellence; manufacturing performance; structural equation modelling; mediation analysis; digital enablement
Historical Significance of Jharkhand's Sacred Landscapes in the Development of Indian Religions
This paper examines the historical significance of Jharkhand's sacred landscapes as active agents in the development of Indian religious traditions, rather than peripheral spaces absorbing pan-Indian influences. Drawing on landscape archaeology, religious geography, and ethnohistorical scholarship, the study argues that the forested plateaus, sacred groves, megalithic sites, and hill shrines of the Chotanagpur region constitute a palimpsest of ritual practice in which indigenous Adivasi cosmologies, Jaina asceticism, Buddhist monasticism, and Brahmanical temple traditions have coexisted, competed, and interpenetrated for over two millennia. Through case studies of Parasnath Hill (Sammet Shikhar), the Sarna sacred groves of the Munda, Santhal, and Oraon communities, the megalithic ritual complexes of the Chotanagpur plateau, and the Baidyanath Dham jyotirlinga at Deoghar, the paper demonstrates how Jharkhand's geography generated specific religious forms that subsequently shaped broader Indian traditions, including Jaina tirtha conceptions, Shaiva pilgrimage networks, and tribal-Hindu syncretism. The analysis further engages with contemporary contestations, particularly the Jain Adivasi dispute over Marang Buru/Parasnath, to show how sacred landscapes remain sites of political negotiation. The study concludes that Jharkhand's religious geography illustrates the dialectical rather than unidirectional nature of Indian religious history.
Sacred landscape, Jharkhand, Sarna, Parasnath, Adivasi religion, religious geography, Chotanagpur, syncretism
Assessment of the current American literature as a reflection of climate change
This study takes a close look at how contemporary American literature engages with the realities, anxieties, and cultural negotiations surrounding climate change in the early twenty-first century. Rather than seeing literature as a passive mirror of environmental conditions, the research treats literary texts as active spaces where ecological concerns are interpreted, reimagined, and shared with readers. By examining climate fiction—often called cli-fi— alongside ecocritical scholarship and innovations in novels and short stories, the study positions American literature at the intersection of literary expression, environmental awareness, and cultural analysis. The central argument is that American literature has grown into a vital cultural space for responding to ecological crises. This shift is not just thematic; it also involves structural and conceptual experimentation. Writers are pushing narrative boundaries, using fragmented timelines, multiple viewpoints, and speculative or non-linear storytelling to capture the scale, complexity, and urgency of climate change. These techniques mirror the unpredictable and multifaceted nature of environmental phenomena, while also opening space to explore how ecological disruption affects human societies. A striking feature of this literary shift lies in its thematic focus. Many contemporary works depict ecological collapse through imagined landscapes of environmental degradation, biodiversity loss, and the breakdown of ecosystems that sustain life. Yet alongside these portrayals of crisis, authors also explore resilience, highlighting individuals and communities who adapt in inventive—and sometimes hopeful—ways to shifting environmental conditions. In this way, American literature doesn’t just reflect the climate crisis; it actively engages with it, offering both critique and imagination, caution and possibility. DOI: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2026-44641179
American literature, climate change, climate fiction, cli-fi, ecocriticism, environmental narrative, cultural reflection
Analyzing the measures used by Contemporary American fiction in reflecting political polarization
Political polarization has come to define much of contemporary American life. It doesn’t just shape political institutions—it spills into everyday interactions, media conversations, and even the way people think and talk about the world. You can see it in the widening ideological divide, the strong emotions tied to political identities, and the growing sense that people are living in entirely different informational and social realities. In this climate, literature— especially contemporary American fiction—takes on a significant role as a space where these shifts are not only portrayed but also examined more closely. This study looks at how contemporary American fiction engages with political polarization. Rather than treating literature as something that simply mirrors society, it views it as an active space where competing ideas and tensions are worked through. Many contemporary writers weave themes like identity conflict, ideological division, social inequality, and cultural fragmentation into their stories. These themes come alive through characters, plots, and settings that reflect the lived experience of a polarized society. At the same time, these narratives do more than depict reality—they offer ways of understanding it, helping readers navigate the complexities of today’s sociopolitical landscape. In the end, the study shows that contemporary American fiction operates as both a mirror and a force for change. It captures the reality of a divided society while also pushing readers to think more deeply about it. By doing so, literature doesn’t just document polarization—it becomes part of the larger conversation around it, with the potential to shape perspectives, spark dialogue, and contribute to a more thoughtful and informed public discourse DOI: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2026-41842947
Contemporary American fiction, political polarization, narrative strategies, ideology, literary analysis, culture wars, identity politics
A Study on the Impact of GST on the Hotel Industry: Pre-GST and Post-GST Analysis with Special Reference to NCR
The Goods and Services Tax (GST), implemented in India on 1 July 2017, unified a fragmented system of central and state levies (service tax, VAT, luxury tax, etc.) under “One Nation, One Tax, One Market”. The hotel industry, a key pillar of tourism, has been deeply affected. Previously, hotels faced multiple cascading taxes varying by state, creating compliance burdens and opaque pricing. The National Capital Region (NCR) — encompassing Delhi, Gurugram, Noida, Ghaziabad, Faridabad — is a major hub for business and leisure travel, hosting diverse hotel properties, making the impact of GST on NCR hotels a critical subject for investigation. Objective: This study systematically analyses the pre-GST tax structure for hotels, traces the evolution of GST rates for accommodation and restaurant services, and assesses the effects on key performance indicators: occupancy rates, average daily rates (ADR), revenue per available room (RevPAR), and profitability. Special focus is placed on the NCR, where high operational costs and intense competition amplify tax policy consequences. Methodology: Using a systematic literature review, this paper synthesises legislative notifications, CBIC circulars, industry reports (FHRAI, HAI), financial analyses of hotel chains, and peer-reviewed studies (2015–2026). The comparison covers pre-GST vs. post-GST tax burdens, rate evolution, and financial trajectories of NCR hotels. Key Findings: GST has streamlined India’s indirect tax system. The 56th GST Council decision (effective 22 September 2025) is the most significant revision: hotel rooms with tariff up to Rs. 7,500 per night now attract 5% GST without input tax credit (ITC) (down from 12% with ITC); rooms above Rs. 7,500 remain at 18% with full ITC. While the rate cut reduces consumer costs and is expected to boost domestic tourism, ITC removal for budget and mid-market hotels challenges profitability. Critics note the Rs. 7,500 threshold is outdated due to inflation (should be Rs. 10,000 12,000). FHRAI and HAI advocate for uniform 12% GST with ITC. In the NCR (average occupancy 72.9% in 2024), the 5% slab will likely stimulate mid-market demand, but hoteliers must strategically manage ITC loss. Implications: The study provides policymakers a synthesised framework for tax reforms that foster industry growth, offers practitioners evidence-based guidance for financial planning and pricing, and identifies structural inequities requiring regulatory attention.
GST, Hotel Industry, NCR, Pre-GST, Post-GST, Input Tax Credit (ITC), Hospitality Sector, Tourism, Tax Reform, Occupancy Rates, RevPAR
झारखंड में युवा शिक्षा के सामाजिक–आर्थिक निर्धारक: देवघर जिले का एक केस स्टडी
यह शोध पत्र झारखंड राज्य के देवघर जिले में युवाओं की शैक्षिक अनुभूतियों पर सामाजिक–आर्थिक कारकों के प्रभाव की जाँच करता है। यह क्षेत्र सामाजिक–आर्थिक असमानताओं से प्रभावित एक पिछड़ा इलाका है, जो यह समझने के लिए एक उपयुक्त उदाहरण प्रस्तुत करता है कि घरेलू आय, माता–पिता की शिक्षा का स्तर, पेशागत पृष्ठभूमि तथा जाति या समुदाय की स्थिति जैसे कारक शैक्षिक परिणामों को किस प्रकार प्रभावित करते हैं। यह अध्ययन सर्वेक्षण–आधारित पद्धति को अपनाता है, जिसमें 15 से 24 वर्ष की आयु के 300 युवाओं से प्राथमिक आँकड़े एकत्र किए गए। शिक्षा की पहुँच और गुणवत्ता से संबंधित धारणाओं, दृष्टिकोणों और अनुभवों को समझने के लिए एक संरचित प्रश्नावली का प्रयोग किया गया, जो 5–बिंदु वाले लाइकर्ट स्केल पर आधारित है। इस अध्ययन का उद्देश्य केवल शैक्षिक उपलब्धियों में मात्रात्मक अंतर को ही नहीं, बल्कि युवाओं द्वारा झेली जा रही गुणात्मक चुनौतियों, जैसे शिक्षा की वहनीयता, विद्यालय का बुनियादी ढाँचा, अभिभावकों की भागीदारी और आकांक्षात्मक बाधाएँ, इत्यादि की भी पड़ताल करना है। परिणामों से यह अपेक्षा की जाती है कि नीति–निर्माण वाले परिवेशों और ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में शैक्षिक माता–पिता अक्सर शैक्षिक हस्तक्षेपों को पूरा करने में असमर्थ होते हैं, जिससे स्कूल छोड़ने की प्रवृत्ति या सीमित शैक्षिक भागीदारी देखी जाती है। विशेषकर कृषि या असंगठित श्रमिकों की पेशागत भूमिका बच्चों की स्कूली भागीदारी को प्रभावित कर सकती है, जहाँ शिक्षा के बजाय कार्य को प्राथमिकता दी जाती है। यह अध्ययन यह भी विश्लेषण करता है कि किस प्रकार लिंग और समुदाय–आधारित पहचान आर्थिक स्थिति के साथ मिलकर कुछ वर्गों को और अधिक हाशिए पर धकेल देती है। प्रमुख बाधाओं और सहायक तत्वों की पहचान करके यह शोध पिछड़े क्षेत्रों में शिक्षा और गरीबी के संबंध को बेहतर ढंग से समझने में योगदान देने का प्रयास करता है। इस अध्ययन के निष्कर्ष स्थानीय सरकारी एजेंसियों, गैर–सरकारी संगठनों और शैक्षिक योजनाकारों को अधिक समावेशी और प्रभावी नीतियाँ तैयार करने में सहायक सिद्ध हो सकते हैं। अंततः यह शोध ग्रामीण युवाओं के लिए, विशेष रूप से देवघर जैसे वंचित क्षेत्रों में, समान और सतत शिक्षा की पहुँच सुनिश्चित करने के हेतु लक्षित हस्तक्षेपों की वकालत करता है।
सामाजिक–आर्थिक स्थिति, युवा शिक्षा, देवघर, झारखंड, ग्रामीण विकास, लाइकर्ट स्केल, सर्वेक्षण विधि
Mapping The Intellectual Landscape Of Ai-Based Personalisation In Online Retailing: A Bibliometric Analysis
Artificial intelligence (AI)-based personalisation has emerged as a transformative force in online retailing, profoundly influencing customer satisfaction and repurchase intention. This study employs a bibliometric approach to systematically map the intellectual landscape of this research domain from 2016 to 2026, drawing on data retrieved from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. A total of 1,197 documents comprising journal articles, conference papers, and review articles were analysed using VOSviewer³ and Biblioshiny software. The analysis encompasses publication trends, prolific authors, influential journals, leading countries, subject area distribution, keyword co-occurrence, and co-citation networks. Findings indicate a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 31.6% in publications, with the United States, China, and India as the most productive nations. The Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services and Computers in Human Behavior emerged as the most impactful outlets. Keyword clustering revealed six thematic clusters: (1) recommendation systems, (2) trust and privacy, (3) personalisation algorithms, (4) user experience, (5) purchase intention, and (6) machine learning. The study provides scholars, practitioners, and policymakers with a comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary trajectory and future research frontiers in AI-driven personalised retailing.
Artificial Intelligence, Personalisation, Customer Satisfaction, Repurchase Intention, Online Retailing, Bibliometric Analysis
शिक्षक प्रशिक्षण महाविद्यालयों में मिश्रित शिक्षण के प्रति स्वीकृति और दृष्टिकोण: हजारीबाग जिले के संदर्भ में एक सैद्धांतिक अध्ययन
यह सैद्धांतिक अध्ययन हजारीबाग जिले के शिक्षक प्रशिक्षण महाविद्यालयों में शिक्षक शिक्षकों के बीच मिश्रित शिक्षण के प्रति स्वीकृति और दृष्टिकोण की अवधारणाओं की खोज करता है। मिश्रित शिक्षण, एक शैक्षिक नवाचार के रूप में, पारंपरिक शिक्षा मानसिकता और शिक्षण रणनीतियों में परिवर्तन की मांग करता है। यह पत्र प्रौद्योगिकी स्वीकृति मॉडल (TAM) और नियोजित व्यवहार के सिद्धांत (TPB) जैसे स्थापित सिद्धांतों पर आधारित है, ताकि यह समझा जा सके कि संज्ञानात्मक, भावनात्मक और संदर्भात्मक कारक शिक्षक शिक्षकों के मिश्रित शिक्षण के प्रति प्रतिक्रियाओं को कैसे प्रभावित करते हैं। इस अध्ययन का उद्देश्य एक वैचारिक ढांचा प्रदान करना है जो शिक्षक शिक्षा में मिश्रित शिक्षण को एकीकृत करने के लिए भविष्य के अनुसंधानों और प्रयासों का मार्गदर्शन कर सके।
शहरी मध्यम-वर्गीय परिवारों में महिलाओं के रोजगार के सामाजिक–आर्थिक निर्धारक: दरभंगा का एक केस स्टडी
यह शोध अध्ययन मध्यवर्गीय परिवारों में महिलाओं के रोजगार की स्थिति को प्रभावित करने वाले सामाजिक–आर्थिक कारकों की जाँच करता है, जिसमें दरभंगा नगर निगम क्षेत्र की महिला शिक्षिकाओं पर विशेष ध्यान केंद्रित किया गया है। शोध के लिए सर्वेक्षण पद्धति अपनाई गई, जिसके अंतर्गत 300 महिला शिक्षिकाओं से पाँच–बिंदु लिकर्ट स्केल पर आधारित संरचित प्रश्नावली के माध्यम से जानकारी एकत्र की गई। निष्कर्षों से स्पष्ट होता है कि महिलाओं की कार्यबल में भागीदारी को प्रभावित करने वाले प्रमुख कारक हैं आर्थिक आवश्यकता, पारिवारिक समर्थन और सामाजिक दृष्टिकोण। यह अध्ययन यह समझने में सहायक है कि शहरी मध्यवर्गीय महिलाएँ किस प्रकार सामाजिक–आर्थिक प्रतिबंधों के बीच रोजगार से जुड़ी चुनौतियों का सामना करती हैं।
सामाजिक–आर्थिक, महिलाओं का रोजगार, मध्यवर्गीय परिवार, दरभंगा
The Smart Pesticide Spray Monitoring System is a simple, cost-effective, and efficient solution designed to improve agricultural practices through controlled pesticide application. This project focuses on the development of an automated system that integrates ultrasonic sensor-based plant detection with software-based plant disease identification to ensure accurate and need-based spraying. The system utilizes an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor to detect the presence of plants and measure the distance between the robot and crops for proper positioning during spraying. It also incorporates a software module that allows farmers to upload images of plant leaves for disease identification and assessment of infection severity. Based on the analysis, the appropriate pesticide can be selected and applied through an automated spraying mechanism. The spraying operation is performed using pumps and nozzles, ensuring uniform, precise, and targeted pesticide application only where required. The system is designed using simple hardware components and embedded control techniques to provide reliable performance, low power consumption, and reduced system complexity. Functional performance is validated through testing of plant detection, disease identification, and automated spraying operations. The implemented system demonstrates efficient pesticide management by reducing chemical consumption, improving crop protection, minimizing farmers' exposure to harmful pesticides, and supporting sustainable smart agriculture practices.
Smart Agriculture, Smart Pesticide Spray Monitoring System, Arduino Uno, HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor, Plant Disease Detection, Image Processing, Automated Spraying, Embedded Systems, Precision Agriculture, Internet of Things (IoT)
Arduino-Based Robotic Hand Using Flex Sensors
An Arduino-based robotic hand using flex sensors is an embedded system designed to replicate human hand movements through gesture control. Flex sensors mounted on a glove detect finger bending and send analog signals to the Arduino microcontroller. The controller processes these signals and controls servo motors that move the fingers of the robotic hand accordingly. The system enables real-time actions such as gripping, holding, and releasing objects with good accuracy. The proposed system is simple, cost-effective, and easy to implement using an Arduino Uno, flex sensors, servo motors, and a wearable glove. It provides smooth and responsive gesture-based control without requiring complex image processing techniques. The robotic hand is suitable for applications in prosthetics, rehabilitation, industrial automation, educational robotics, and human–robot interaction. The implementation demonstrates reliable performance, accurate gesture replication, and efficient object handling, making it a practical solution for low-cost robotic hand development.
Arduino Uno, Robotic Hand, Flex Sensor, Servo Motor, Embedded System, Gesture Recognition, Human Robot Interaction, Prosthetic Hand, Robotics, Automation
P. Akshitha, B. Chaitanya, E. Geethanjali
A Study of Marketing Strategies and Brand Positioning of Vega Auto Accessories Limited in the Indian Automotive Accessories Market
Vega Auto Accessories Limited, a four-decade-old organized-sector helmet manufacturer headquartered in Belgaum with a production unit at Rudrapur, Uttarakhand, competes against Studds and Steelbird in India's rapidly formalizing two-wheeler safety-gear market. This study examines the company's marketing strategies and brand-positioning choices against a backdrop of stricter Motor Vehicles Act enforcement and rising Bureau of Indian Standards certification scrutiny. Two objectives guided the research: assessing Vega's offline-and-digital marketing mix, and evaluating its competitive standing against organized-sector rivals. Two hypotheses proposed that Vega's offline orientation limits digital visibility, and that structured digital marketing is positively associated with brand-awareness potential. Using a descriptive, secondary-data case-study design, company records, market-research reports, and government safety data were compiled across six result tables, including a hypothesis-evaluation summary. Findings show Vega retains strong dealer-based trust and safety credibility but trails competitors in digital execution. Both hypotheses found supporting evidence the first strongly, the second directionally. The study concludes that converting Vega's legacy positioning into stronger online visibility, without weakening its dealer network, is its most pressing strategic priority.
Brand Positioning; Digital Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Helmet Industry; Consumer Behaviour
A Study Of Employee Job Satisfaction And Retention Strategies At Jindal Saw Ltd.
Jindal Saw Limited is one of the leading manufacturers in the steel and tubular industry in India with a workforce of 6,067 as of July 2024. This study explored the factors affecting job satisfaction and retention among 128 middle level management employees of Rudrapur facility, Uttarakhand for the year 2024-2025. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to measure the relationship between compensation, job autonomy, supervisor support, career advancement, workplace environment and intentions to stay. The PERT (permanent employee turnover rate) has dropped from 14.3% in FY 2024-25 to 9.9% in FY 2025-26, indicating that organization's retention mechanisms are working well. There were significant positive correlations for the dimensions of job satisfaction and job tenure intention (r = 0.68, p < 0.001). The hypothesis was partially supported because intrinsic motivators (recognition, autonomy, growth) did not prove to be the most important factors to predict retention when compared to the other motivators which are extrinsic. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the most important predictors of retention were supervisor encouragement and experience of skill utilization opportunities. Results are consistent with the current literature on manufacturing sector retention and emphasize the need for differentiated methods of employee engagement in manufacturing.
employee retention; job satisfaction; manufacturing sector; middle-level management; Herzberg's theory; steel industry; organizational commitment
An Empirical Study Of Recruitment And Selection Strategies And Their Impact On Workforce Quality: Evidence From Ashok Leyland
Effective recruitment and selection remain cornerstone functions in achieving sustainable organizational performance and workforce quality, particularly within capital-intensive manufacturing environments. This empirical study examines the recruitment and selection practices at Ashok Leyland, India's second-largest commercial vehicle manufacturer, headquartered in Chennai with operations spanning 30,150+ employees globally. Drawing on primary data from 100 respondents across operational, supervisory, and managerial cadres, the research applies descriptive analysis, Chi-Square tests, and One-Way ANOVA to evaluate current hiring strategies against employee retention and satisfaction metrics. Findings indicate that while Ashok Leyland maintains structured recruitment protocols—including written assessments, technical interviews, and HR evaluation rounds—critical gaps exist in digital integration, candidate communication, and diversity emphasis. The study reveals significant correlations (p<0.05) between recruitment team responsiveness and employee perception of fairness, alongside workforce quality improvements linked to competency-based screening. Data demonstrates that 66% of workforce comprises technical operatives with ITI qualifications, yet retention challenges persist in specialized roles. ANOVA results show age-independent consistency in perceptions regarding job advancement opportunities, but Chi-Square analysis reveals significant variability in assessments of recruitment transparency across departments. Recommendations centre on digitizing recruitment platforms, enhancing pre-hire communication protocols, implementing diversity quotas in candidate sourcing, and establishing continuous feedback mechanisms. Integrated workforce analytics and talent pipeline management prove essential for Ashok Leyland to maintain competitive advantage amid India's evolving automotive sector dynamics, characterized by electric vehicle proliferation and Industry 4.0 demands.
Recruitment strategy, selection process, workforce quality, employee retention, automotive manufacturing, organizational performance, human resource management, talent acquisition
India And The Use Of Its Soft Power In The Global Arena: An Empirical Analysis
Neither military capacity nor economic GDP alone can account for India's emergence as a consequential actor in global affairs. This paper demonstratively analyses deployment of powers of soft power a broad definition which refers to the ability to get what you want through attraction rather than coercion or payment by India along channels cultural, diplomatic, technological and diaspora-driven between 2015-2023. On the basis of five primary original data tables based on information collated over a range of sources including the Portland Soft Power 30 Index, Ministry of External Affairs annual reports, World Bank diaspora datasets and Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) programme records this study quantifies trends in India's composite soft power score, regional perception charters & positioning amongst BRICS nations. Results show a statistically significant increase in the composite index of India's soft power from 56.1 in 2015 to 74.3 by 2023 driven mainly by cultural exports followed by other factors such as Vaccine Maitri, digital diplomacy and India's G20 presidency. Your diaspora influence score is among the highest globally, especially in North America and UAE. Although India scores high in technological influence especially in the regions of Europe and North America political trust deficits remain apparent, particularly in East Asia and are partly a reflection of ongoing Sino-Indian border tensions. Appallingly, China still polls better than India on the Portland Index, although it has narrowed from an improbable 11 to a mere 3 points over our study period. The paper argues that while India's soft power is increasing, it continues to lay mostly untapped as a function of its vast civilisational and demographic assets with there being structural limits in the form of institutional fragmentation and mixed messages. DOI: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2026-36968584
Soft Power, Indian Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy, Diaspora Influence, Vaccine Maitri, G20 India, BRICS Comparison
A Study on Employee Performance Appraisal System at Maini Scaffold Systems Pvt. Ltd.
Performance appraisal influences the way a manufacturing company rewards effort, acknowledges effort and rewards effort, and plan for employee development. This study involves the appraisal system of Maini Scaffold Systems Pvt. Ltd., which is a manufacturing unit of SIDCUL in Rudrapur, Uttarakhand, in the industrial belt of SIDCUL. The aims were to assess the awareness and satisfaction of employees with the appraisal system, and whether appraisal satisfaction and perceived fairness were related to employee motivation. A descriptive design was adopted and the primary data were collected by a five-point Likert scale questionnaire on 80 employees which were analysed by percentage analysis and chi-square test. The two null hypotheses relating to satisfaction–motivation and fairness satisfaction relationships were explored. Both null hypotheses were rejected as both the chi-square tests were significant, indicating moderate awareness, a small majority of satisfaction, and a definite perception gap in fairness and linkage to reward. The analysis relates these patterns to the reward transparency literature, and proposes moving away from the traditional episodic feedback system towards a continuous, criteria-based feedback system. Fairness, communication and career linkage are not being adequately achieved in the system. Redesign can make compliance a true incentive. DOI: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2026-83818264
Ai-Driven Personalization And Its Influence On Customer Loyalty In Online Retail
The proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) in online retail has fundamentally transformed the manner in which businesses interact with customers, primarily through AI-driven personalisation engines that dynamically tailor product recommendations, pricing, content, and communications to individual consumer preferences. This study empirically examines the influence of AI-driven personalisation on customer loyalty in the context of Coimbatore City one of Tamil Nadu's fastest-growing urban retail hubs. Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Expectation Confirmation Theory (ECT), and the S-O-R (Stimulus–Organism–Response) framework, this research adopts a quantitative positivist approach. Primary data were collected from 1,270 active online shoppers in Coimbatore using a structured questionnaire administered through stratified random sampling. The measurement model was validated using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in IBM AMOS 26, while the hypothesised structural relationships were tested through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Supplementary analyses including Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), multiple regression, Pearson correlation, and reliability diagnostics were conducted using IBM SPSS 27 and Python 3.11 (scikit-learn, pandas, seaborn, stats models). The results confirm that AI-driven personalisation significantly and positively influences customer trust (β = 0.673, p < 0.001), perceived value (β = 0.581, p < 0.001), and customer satisfaction (β = 0.612, p < 0.001), which in turn collectively explain 71.4% of the variance in customer loyalty (R² = 0.714). The SEM model demonstrates an acceptable goodness-of-fit (CFI = 0.952, TLI = 0.947, RMSEA = 0.048, SRMR = 0.052). Privacy concerns emerged as a significant moderating variable, partially attenuating the personalisation–loyalty relationship. Practical implications for e-retailers operating in Tier-II Indian cities are discussed alongside recommendations for AI ethics governance. DOI: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2026-74599521
Green Packaging and Its Influence on Sustainable Consumer Decision-Making: An Empirical Study of Consumers in Udaipur, Rajasthan
Environmental sustainability has emerged as a critical concern for consumers, businesses, and policymakers across the globe. Green packaging has become an important strategy adopted by organizations to reduce environmental degradation and promote sustainable consumption patterns. The present study examines the influence of green packaging on sustainable consumer decision-making among consumers in Udaipur, Rajasthan. A quantitative research design was employed, and primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 293 consumers. The study investigated consumer awareness of green packaging, perceptions regarding environmentally friendly packaging attributes, and the impact of these factors on purchasing decisions. Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, chi-square tests, and regression analysis were used for data interpretation. The findings reveal that consumers possess a moderate to high level of awareness regarding green packaging and demonstrate a positive preference for environmentally sustainable products. The results further indicate a significant positive relationship between green packaging awareness, environmental concern, and sustainable consumer decision-making. The study concludes that green packaging serves as an influential determinant of consumer purchasing behaviour and can contribute significantly to sustainable consumption practices. The findings provide useful implications for marketers, manufacturers, and policymakers seeking to promote environmentally responsible consumption.
An Analytical Study Of Consumer Buying Behaviour And Its Impact On Sales Growth
This study examines the relationship between consumer buying behaviour and sales growth in retail establishments across Kichha, Udham Singh Nagar district. The research employs a mixed-methods approach with a sample of 350 consumers and 85 retail outlets to identify key behavioural patterns influencing purchase decisions. The hypothesis proposes that consumer buying behaviour dimensions including product awareness, brand preference, purchase frequency, and pricing sensitivity significantly predict sales growth. Utilising structural equation modelling and regression analysis, results indicate that brand loyalty (β=0.482, p<0.001) and perceived value (β=0.391, p<0.001) are primary predictors of sales increase. The discussion contextualises findings within Indian retail dynamics, where traditional retail still dominates 67% of market share. Conclusions suggest retailers must focus on customer relationship management and value-based pricing strategies to enhance sales performance in tier-2 cities. This research provides actionable insights for retail managers and contributes to understanding consumer behaviour in emerging Indian markets.
Impact Of Strategic Financial Planning On Business Growth And Financial Stability: Evidence From Kichha, Udham Singh Nagar
Strategic financial planning (SFP) is increasingly viewed as a decisive capability that determines whether micro and small enterprises survive, stabilise, and scale. This study examines how SFP practices budgeting, cash-flow forecasting, capital budgeting, and financial record-keeping influence business growth and financial stability among enterprises operating in Kichha, an industrial tehsil of Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. Using a descriptive crosssectional design, primary data were gathered from 120 enterprise owners and managers through a structured fivepoint Likert questionnaire, supported by verified secondary data on the district's MSME base. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression were applied using SPSS. Findings reveal that SFP is moderately-tostrongly adopted and is significantly and positively associated with both growth (r = 0.62) and stability (r = 0.58). Regression results show SFP dimensions jointly explain 51% of the variance in business growth, with cash-flow forecasting and budgeting emerging as the strongest predictors. The study concludes that disciplined, forward-looking financial planning is a practical lever for enterprise resilience in semi-urban industrial clusters and recommends targeted financial-capability support for local enterprises.
Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Franklin Venture Capital: An Analysis of Investment Approaches and Outcomes
Venture capital (VC) plays an essential role in financing innovation, accelerating startup growth, and creating long-term economic value. This paper examines the investment approaches and outcomes associated with Franklin Venture Capital (Franklin Venture Partners under Franklin Templeton). The study explores the firm’s investment philosophy, sector preferences, portfolio strategy, lifecycle investment model, and value-creation mechanisms. Using secondary data and institutional reports, the research evaluates how investment concentration, sector specialization, and long-term capital deployment influence portfolio performance. The findings suggest that Franklin’s approach emphasizes selective investment, strategic partnerships, and lifecycle support for high-growth private companies. The study concludes that disciplined investment selection and long-term engagement may strengthen venture outcomes while maintaining exposure to emerging innovation opportunities.
Franklin Venture Partners; Growth Equity; Innovation Finance; Lifecycle Investment; Investment Strategy; Portfolio Performance; Private Equity; Startup Financing; Venture Outcomes, Venture Capital.
Mohd Abrar, Mohd Mubbasir Ahmed, Mohd Mubeen
Environmental Scanning As A Strategic Driver Of Competitiveness In Commercial Banks In Burundi
This study examines environmental scanning as a strategic driver of competitiveness in commercial banks in Burundi. In a rapidly changing financial environment characterized by technological advancement, regulatory reforms, and increasing customer expectations, commercial banks must continuously monitor and interpret external and internal environmental factors to remain competitive. The study investigates how environmental scanning practices influence the competitiveness of banks through improved strategic responsiveness, innovation, and decision-making. Using a quantitative approach based on survey data from commercial banks in Burundi, the findings reveal a positive and significant relationship between environmental scanning and bank competitiveness. The results indicate that banks that actively engage in systematic environmental analysis are more likely to achieve stronger market positioning and operational performance. The study concludes that environmental scanning is a critical strategic capability for enhancing competitiveness in the Burundian banking sector. It recommends that bank managers strengthen environmental intelligence systems and integrate scanning activities into strategic planning processes.
Environmental scanning; Bank competitiveness; Commercial banks; Strategic management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Beyond Technical Competence: The Strategic Role of Soft Skills In Enhancing Employee Performance And Career Success
Background: The contemporary workplace is undergoing a fundamental transformation where technical expertise, while necessary, no longer guarantees sustained career advancement or organizational impact. As automation and artificial intelligence increasingly handle routine technical tasks, uniquely human capabilities—emotional intelligence, communication, adaptability, and collaborative problem-solving—have emerged as critical differentiators in employee performance and career trajectories. In India's rapidly evolving corporate landscape, particularly the competitive Delhi NCR business hub, organizations recognize that soft skills constitute not merely supplementary attributes but strategic imperatives for operational excellence and leadership development. Objective: This study empirically investigates the relationship between specific soft skill competencies—emotional intelligence, communication effectiveness, teamwork, adaptability, and conflict resolution—and their impact on employee performance outcomes and career success metrics including promotion velocity, leadership potential assessment, and job satisfaction among corporate professionals in the Delhi National Capital Region. Methodology: A cross-sectional sequential mixed-methods study was conducted. The quantitative phase involved a structured survey administered to a purposive sample of 487 corporate employees across IT, banking, consulting, and manufacturing sectors in Delhi NCR, measuring soft skill proficiency, technical competence, performance ratings, and career progression using validated Likert scales. The qualitative phase comprised 25 semi-structured interviews with HR directors, team leaders, and mid-career professionals. Data analysis integrated hierarchical regression, moderation analysis, and thematic analysis. Key Findings: Soft skill competency explains unique variance in employee performance (ΔR² = 0.187, p < 0.001) beyond technical qualifications. Emotional intelligence emerged as the strongest predictor of leadership potential (β = 0.453), while communication effectiveness most strongly predicted promotion velocity (β = 0.398). Critically, the relationship between technical competence and career success is significantly moderated by soft skill proficiency—high performers with strong soft skills advance 2.3 times faster than technically equivalent peers with lower soft skill ratings. Qualitative data revealed that soft skills function as "career catalysts" that transform technical potential into organizational impact through networking effectiveness and conflict navigation. Implications: The study provides strategic insights for HR professionals and corporate leaders, underscoring the necessity of integrating soft skill assessment into recruitment, designing experiential training programs that develop emotional and social competencies, and recognizing soft skills as legitimate criteria for promotion decisions. Organizations that systematically cultivate these capabilities gain sustainable competitive advantage through enhanced employee engagement, reduced turnover, and strengthened leadership pipelines.
Soft Skills, Employee Performance, Career Success, Emotional Intelligence, Workplace Competencies, Delhi NCR, Human Resource Development.
Strategic Role of Balanced Scorecard in Human Resource Management
The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) has emerged as an important strategic management tool that helps organizations align business activities with their vision, mission, and long-term objectives. In the field of Human Resource Management (HRM), the Balanced Scorecard supports organizations in measuring and improving employee performance, organizational learning, workforce productivity, and strategic alignment. This paper critically examines the strategic role of the Balanced Scorecard in HRM by analyzing its contribution to performance evaluation, employee development, organizational effectiveness, and strategic decision-making. The study emphasizes the integration of both financial and non-financial performance indicators within HR systems and explores how organizations use BSC frameworks to achieve competitive advantage and sustainable growth. The paper also discusses implementation challenges and provides recommendations for improving HR effectiveness through Balanced Scorecard methodologies. Introduced by Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton, the Balanced Scorecard transformed traditional performance measurement systems by incorporating multiple dimensions of organizational performance. In modern HRM, the framework has gained increasing importance because intangible assets such as employee skills, knowledge, innovation, motivation, and organizational culture play a significant role in determining organizational success.
Balanced Scorecard, Human Resource Management, Strategic HRM, Performance Management, Employee Performance, Organizational Effectiveness, HR Metrics, Strategic Alignment, Learning and Growth Perspective, Human Capital Management.
Amreen Begum, Huma Siddiqua, Khaji Humaira Ameena, Mahek Taranum
Women entrepreneurship has emerged as a significant contributor to economic growth, social development, employment generation, and innovation across the world. In India, women entrepreneurs are increasingly participating in diverse sectors such as manufacturing, services, information technology, education, healthcare, retail, agriculture, tourism, and digital businesses. Empowering women entrepreneurship not only promotes gender equality but also enhances economic productivity, financial inclusion, employment creation, and inclusive development. Women-led enterprises play an important role in strengthening local economies, encouraging innovation, and creating sustainable livelihood opportunities. This paper examines the importance of women entrepreneurship, the various factors influencing women entrepreneurs, the challenges faced by them, government initiatives, and future prospects for women-led enterprises. The study also highlights the role of education, financial support, digital technology, policy reforms, entrepreneurial training, and institutional support in strengthening women entrepreneurship in India. In addition, the paper emphasizes the growing importance of digital platforms, startup culture, and financial empowerment in expanding opportunities for women entrepreneurs. The study concludes that empowering women entrepreneurs is essential for sustainable economic growth, social transformation, poverty reduction, and overall national development.
Women Entrepreneurship, Women Empowerment, Economic Development, Gender Equality, Startups, Financial Inclusion, Skill Development, Digital Entrepreneurship, Women-led Enterprises, Self-Employment.
Mohammed Ibrahim Shareef, Mohammad Muneeb Ur Rahman, Sumayya Khan, Syed Ayesha Begum
A Financial Performance and Forecasting Analysis of UltraTech Cement Limited: A Study of Profitability, Cash Flow, and Future Prospects
The Indian cement industry plays a significant role in infrastructure development and economic growth. Among the leading players in this sector, UltraTech Cement Limited has established itself as the largest cement manufacturer in India and one of the major global producers. This study examines the financial performance and forecasting analysis of UltraTech Cement Limited with special reference to profitability, liquidity, cash flow management, and future growth prospects. The study evaluates the company’s financial position using ratio analysis, trend analysis, and cash flow analysis. It also explores future opportunities and challenges affecting the company’s growth. The findings reveal that UltraTech Cement has demonstrated strong operational efficiency, stable profitability, and significant expansion potential due to increasing infrastructure demand and government investments in construction activities. However, challenges such as rising input costs, environmental regulations, and market competition may influence future profitability.
Financial Performance, Forecasting Analysis, Profitability, Cash Flow, Cement Industry, UltraTech Cement, Liquidity, Ratio Analysis, Infrastructure Development, Financial Forecasting.
Syed Faiyaz, Waseem Khan, Zakriya Ali Siddique
Examining the Role of Foreign Direct and Institutional Investment in India’s Growth and Development
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Institutional Investment (FII) have emerged as significant drivers of economic growth and development in emerging economies like India. Liberalization policies introduced in 1991 transformed India into an attractive destination for foreign capital inflows. FDI contributes to long-term economic development by promoting industrial growth, employment generation, technological advancement, and infrastructure development. Conversely, FII enhances liquidity and efficiency in financial markets by increasing investment in equity and debt instruments. This paper examines the role of FDI and FII in India’s economic growth and development, analyzes their impact on various sectors, and evaluates the challenges associated with foreign investments. The study concludes that both FDI and FII have significantly contributed to India’s GDP growth, capital formation, industrial productivity, and global competitiveness, although excessive dependence on volatile portfolio investments may create financial instability.
Foreign Direct Investment, Foreign Institutional Investment, Economic Growth, Liberalization, Capital Inflows, Indian Economy, Financial Markets, Development, Globalization, GDP Growth.
Nazia Banu, Preethi Thakur, Saniya Begum
A Critical Analysis of GST Compliance and Input Tax Credit Misstatements
The implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India marked a significant reform in the country’s indirect taxation system by subsuming multiple taxes into a unified framework. One of the most crucial components of GST is the Input Tax Credit (ITC) mechanism, which eliminates cascading taxation and promotes transparency. However, increasing instances of ITC misstatements, fake invoicing, non-compliance, and fraudulent claims have emerged as major challenges for tax authorities and businesses alike. This paper critically examines GST compliance practices and analyzes the causes, consequences, and legal implications of Input Tax Credit misstatements in India. The study also evaluates technological, legal, and administrative measures adopted by the government to strengthen compliance and reduce tax evasion. The paper concludes with recommendations for improving GST governance through digital auditing, AI-based monitoring systems, and stronger taxpayer awareness initiatives. The Indian GST framework introduced in 2017 aimed to create a transparent and destination-based indirect tax system. However, reports from the Government of India indicate substantial revenue leakages due to fake ITC claims and invoice manipulation, making compliance monitoring a key policy concern.
Goods and Services Tax (GST), Input Tax Credit (ITC), cascading taxation, Input Tax Credit, digital auditing, AI-based monitoring systems, Indian GST framework.
Hajira Fatima, Misba Fatima, Sumeera Khanam
A Comprehensive Study on Cash Management Practices and Prospects in India Infoline Stock Broking Ltd.
Cash management is a critical component of financial management that ensures efficient utilization of funds, liquidity maintenance, and operational sustainability in financial service organizations. In the stock broking industry, effective cash management practices are essential for maintaining investor confidence, ensuring regulatory compliance, and supporting uninterrupted trading activities. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the cash management practices and future prospects of India Infoline (IIFL) Stock Broking Ltd., one of India’s leading financial service providers. The study examines the company’s methods of liquidity management, fund allocation, client account management, technological integration, risk management systems, and compliance mechanisms. The paper also evaluates the challenges faced by stock broking firms in the dynamic financial market environment and explores future opportunities driven by digital transformation, fintech innovations, and regulatory reforms. The study concludes that efficient cash management significantly contributes to operational efficiency, customer satisfaction, and long-term profitability in stock broking businesses.
Cash Management, Stock Broking, Liquidity Management, Financial Services, India Infoline, Working Capital, Investment Management, Fintech, Risk Management, Digital Trading
Evaluating Inventory Management Efficiency in Hyundai Motor India Limited: A Strategic Approach to Cost Optimization and Stock Classification
Inventory management plays a vital role in the operational and financial success of manufacturing organizations, particularly in the automobile industry where supply chain complexity, production continuity, and demand variability significantly influence profitability. This paper evaluates the inventory management efficiency of Hyundai Motor India Limited (HMIL) by analyzing its strategic inventory practices, stock classification methods, and cost optimization mechanisms. The study explores the role of Just-in-Time (JIT) systems, ERP integration, vendor-managed inventory, ABC analysis, and lean manufacturing approaches in improving inventory turnover and minimizing carrying costs. Secondary data from annual reports, academic studies, and industry publications have been used to assess operational efficiency and strategic performance. The findings indicate that Hyundai’s localized supplier ecosystem, digital inventory tracking, and lean logistics framework contribute significantly to inventory reduction, improved cash conversion cycles, and operational agility. The paper concludes with recommendations for enhancing inventory forecasting through AI-driven analytics and multi-echelon inventory optimization. Inventory efficiency has become a strategic differentiator in the global automobile industry due to rising raw material costs, fluctuating consumer demand, and increasing competition. Hyundai Motor India Limited has emerged as one of India’s leading passenger vehicle manufacturers through its focus on lean operations, supply chain localization, and technology-enabled inventory control. Recent studies highlight that HMIL maintains strong inventory turnover and reduced inventory holding periods through Just-in-Time procurement and ERP-enabled coordination systems.
Inventory Management, Operational and Financial success, Hyundai Motor India Limited (HMIL), Justin- Time (JIT) systems, ERP integration, Inventory efficiency, global automobile industry.
Shaik Mohammad Shadaab, Shaik Nawaz, Sk Kareemulla