INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AND REVIEW
Strategic Role of Balanced Scorecard in Human Resource Management
The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) has emerged as an important strategic management tool that helps organizations align business activities with their vision, mission, and long-term objectives. In the field of Human Resource Management (HRM), the Balanced Scorecard supports organizations in measuring and improving employee performance, organizational learning, workforce productivity, and strategic alignment. This paper critically examines the strategic role of the Balanced Scorecard in HRM by analyzing its contribution to performance evaluation, employee development, organizational effectiveness, and strategic decision-making. The study emphasizes the integration of both financial and non-financial performance indicators within HR systems and explores how organizations use BSC frameworks to achieve competitive advantage and sustainable growth. The paper also discusses implementation challenges and provides recommendations for improving HR effectiveness through Balanced Scorecard methodologies. Introduced by Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton, the Balanced Scorecard transformed traditional performance measurement systems by incorporating multiple dimensions of organizational performance. In modern HRM, the framework has gained increasing importance because intangible assets such as employee skills, knowledge, innovation, motivation, and organizational culture play a significant role in determining organizational success.
Balanced Scorecard, Human Resource Management, Strategic HRM, Performance Management, Employee Performance, Organizational Effectiveness, HR Metrics, Strategic Alignment, Learning and Growth Perspective, Human Capital Management.
Amreen Begum, Huma Siddiqua, Khaji Humaira Ameena, Mahek Taranum
Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Women entrepreneurship has emerged as a significant contributor to economic growth, social development, employment generation, and innovation across the world. In India, women entrepreneurs are increasingly participating in diverse sectors such as manufacturing, services, information technology, education, healthcare, retail, agriculture, tourism, and digital businesses. Empowering women entrepreneurship not only promotes gender equality but also enhances economic productivity, financial inclusion, employment creation, and inclusive development. Women-led enterprises play an important role in strengthening local economies, encouraging innovation, and creating sustainable livelihood opportunities. This paper examines the importance of women entrepreneurship, the various factors influencing women entrepreneurs, the challenges faced by them, government initiatives, and future prospects for women-led enterprises. The study also highlights the role of education, financial support, digital technology, policy reforms, entrepreneurial training, and institutional support in strengthening women entrepreneurship in India. In addition, the paper emphasizes the growing importance of digital platforms, startup culture, and financial empowerment in expanding opportunities for women entrepreneurs. The study concludes that empowering women entrepreneurs is essential for sustainable economic growth, social transformation, poverty reduction, and overall national development.
Women Entrepreneurship, Women Empowerment, Economic Development, Gender Equality, Startups, Financial Inclusion, Skill Development, Digital Entrepreneurship, Women-led Enterprises, Self-Employment.
Mohammed Ibrahim Shareef, Mohammad Muneeb Ur Rahman, Sumayya Khan, Syed Ayesha Begum
A Financial Performance and Forecasting Analysis of UltraTech Cement Limited: A Study of Profitability, Cash Flow, and Future Prospects
The Indian cement industry plays a significant role in infrastructure development and economic growth. Among the leading players in this sector, UltraTech Cement Limited has established itself as the largest cement manufacturer in India and one of the major global producers. This study examines the financial performance and forecasting analysis of UltraTech Cement Limited with special reference to profitability, liquidity, cash flow management, and future growth prospects. The study evaluates the company’s financial position using ratio analysis, trend analysis, and cash flow analysis. It also explores future opportunities and challenges affecting the company’s growth. The findings reveal that UltraTech Cement has demonstrated strong operational efficiency, stable profitability, and significant expansion potential due to increasing infrastructure demand and government investments in construction activities. However, challenges such as rising input costs, environmental regulations, and market competition may influence future profitability.
Financial Performance, Forecasting Analysis, Profitability, Cash Flow, Cement Industry, UltraTech Cement, Liquidity, Ratio Analysis, Infrastructure Development, Financial Forecasting.
Syed Faiyaz, Waseem Khan, Zakriya Ali Siddique
Examining the Role of Foreign Direct and Institutional Investment in India’s Growth and Development
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Institutional Investment (FII) have emerged as significant drivers of economic growth and development in emerging economies like India. Liberalization policies introduced in 1991 transformed India into an attractive destination for foreign capital inflows. FDI contributes to long-term economic development by promoting industrial growth, employment generation, technological advancement, and infrastructure development. Conversely, FII enhances liquidity and efficiency in financial markets by increasing investment in equity and debt instruments. This paper examines the role of FDI and FII in India’s economic growth and development, analyzes their impact on various sectors, and evaluates the challenges associated with foreign investments. The study concludes that both FDI and FII have significantly contributed to India’s GDP growth, capital formation, industrial productivity, and global competitiveness, although excessive dependence on volatile portfolio investments may create financial instability.
Foreign Direct Investment, Foreign Institutional Investment, Economic Growth, Liberalization, Capital Inflows, Indian Economy, Financial Markets, Development, Globalization, GDP Growth.
Nazia Banu, Preethi Thakur, Saniya Begum
A Critical Analysis of GST Compliance and Input Tax Credit Misstatements
The implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India marked a significant reform in the country’s indirect taxation system by subsuming multiple taxes into a unified framework. One of the most crucial components of GST is the Input Tax Credit (ITC) mechanism, which eliminates cascading taxation and promotes transparency. However, increasing instances of ITC misstatements, fake invoicing, non-compliance, and fraudulent claims have emerged as major challenges for tax authorities and businesses alike. This paper critically examines GST compliance practices and analyzes the causes, consequences, and legal implications of Input Tax Credit misstatements in India. The study also evaluates technological, legal, and administrative measures adopted by the government to strengthen compliance and reduce tax evasion. The paper concludes with recommendations for improving GST governance through digital auditing, AI-based monitoring systems, and stronger taxpayer awareness initiatives. The Indian GST framework introduced in 2017 aimed to create a transparent and destination-based indirect tax system. However, reports from the Government of India indicate substantial revenue leakages due to fake ITC claims and invoice manipulation, making compliance monitoring a key policy concern.
Goods and Services Tax (GST), Input Tax Credit (ITC), cascading taxation, Input Tax Credit, digital auditing, AI-based monitoring systems, Indian GST framework.
Hajira Fatima, Misba Fatima, Sumeera Khanam
A Comprehensive Study on Cash Management Practices and Prospects in India Infoline Stock Broking Ltd.
Cash management is a critical component of financial management that ensures efficient utilization of funds, liquidity maintenance, and operational sustainability in financial service organizations. In the stock broking industry, effective cash management practices are essential for maintaining investor confidence, ensuring regulatory compliance, and supporting uninterrupted trading activities. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the cash management practices and future prospects of India Infoline (IIFL) Stock Broking Ltd., one of India’s leading financial service providers. The study examines the company’s methods of liquidity management, fund allocation, client account management, technological integration, risk management systems, and compliance mechanisms. The paper also evaluates the challenges faced by stock broking firms in the dynamic financial market environment and explores future opportunities driven by digital transformation, fintech innovations, and regulatory reforms. The study concludes that efficient cash management significantly contributes to operational efficiency, customer satisfaction, and long-term profitability in stock broking businesses.
Cash Management, Stock Broking, Liquidity Management, Financial Services, India Infoline, Working Capital, Investment Management, Fintech, Risk Management, Digital Trading
Evaluating Inventory Management Efficiency in Hyundai Motor India Limited: A Strategic Approach to Cost Optimization and Stock Classification
Inventory management plays a vital role in the operational and financial success of manufacturing organizations, particularly in the automobile industry where supply chain complexity, production continuity, and demand variability significantly influence profitability. This paper evaluates the inventory management efficiency of Hyundai Motor India Limited (HMIL) by analyzing its strategic inventory practices, stock classification methods, and cost optimization mechanisms. The study explores the role of Just-in-Time (JIT) systems, ERP integration, vendor-managed inventory, ABC analysis, and lean manufacturing approaches in improving inventory turnover and minimizing carrying costs. Secondary data from annual reports, academic studies, and industry publications have been used to assess operational efficiency and strategic performance. The findings indicate that Hyundai’s localized supplier ecosystem, digital inventory tracking, and lean logistics framework contribute significantly to inventory reduction, improved cash conversion cycles, and operational agility. The paper concludes with recommendations for enhancing inventory forecasting through AI-driven analytics and multi-echelon inventory optimization. Inventory efficiency has become a strategic differentiator in the global automobile industry due to rising raw material costs, fluctuating consumer demand, and increasing competition. Hyundai Motor India Limited has emerged as one of India’s leading passenger vehicle manufacturers through its focus on lean operations, supply chain localization, and technology-enabled inventory control. Recent studies highlight that HMIL maintains strong inventory turnover and reduced inventory holding periods through Just-in-Time procurement and ERP-enabled coordination systems.
Inventory Management, Operational and Financial success, Hyundai Motor India Limited (HMIL), Justin- Time (JIT) systems, ERP integration, Inventory efficiency, global automobile industry.
Shaik Mohammad Shadaab, Shaik Nawaz, Sk Kareemulla
A Comprehensive Study on Mutual Funds: Investment Choices, Risk Factors, and Industry Issues in India
Mutual funds have emerged as one of the most preferred investment avenues in India due to professional fund management, diversification benefits, liquidity, and systematic investment opportunities. The Indian mutual fund industry has experienced rapid growth over the past decade, supported by financial inclusion, digitalization, rising investor awareness, and regulatory reforms by the Securities and Exchange Board of India and Association of Mutual Funds in India. This paper presents a comprehensive study of mutual funds in India by examining investment choices, risk factors, performance evaluation, and major industry issues. The study also analyzes the impact of market volatility, investor behavior, regulatory concerns, and technological developments on the mutual fund industry. Recent literature and market developments reveal that while mutual funds provide long-term wealth creation opportunities, investors must carefully evaluate risk-adjusted returns, liquidity concerns, and sectoral exposure before making investment decisions. The paper concludes that the future growth of the Indian mutual fund industry depends on investor education, technological innovation, regulatory transparency, and efficient risk management practices.
Mutual Funds, Investment Choices, Risk Factors, SIP, NAV, Portfolio Diversification, Indian Mutual Fund Industry, Financial Markets, SEBI, Risk Management.
Mirza Mudasir Baig, Mohammod Wakeeuddin, Mohd Abdul Azeem Hadi
A Comparative Analysis of Home Loan Offerings and Disbursement Strategies: A Case Study of HSBC and Its Competitors
The housing finance sector plays a crucial role in the economic development of a nation by enabling individuals to acquire residential properties through structured financing mechanisms. This paper presents a comparative analysis of home loan offerings and disbursement strategies adopted by HSBC India and its major competitors including ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, and State Bank of India. The study evaluates loan interest rates, eligibility criteria, processing procedures, customer service, technological integration, and disbursement timelines. The paper further examines the strategic approaches used by these banks in loan disbursement and customer relationship management. Findings indicate that HSBC emphasizes premium banking services and faster disbursement processes, while competitors such as SBI focus on affordability and HDFC and ICICI prioritize digital efficiency and market penetration. The study highlights the importance of operational efficiency, transparency, and customer-centric strategies in maintaining competitiveness in the Indian housing finance market.
Home Loans, HSBC, ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, SBI, Housing Finance, Loan Disbursement, Banking Strategy, Comparative Analysis.
Abdul Rahman, Abdul Wassay Taj, Arbaz Ahmed Khan
A Sustainable Digital Operations Strategy Framework for Smart Educational Institutions: Integrating IoT and Data Analytics for Process Optimization
The explosion of Internet of Things (IoT) technology and the maturing data analytics platforms have opened many doors to completely reimagine operational ecosystems in schools. The present empirical study provides the design, validation and performance assessment of an SDOS (Sustainable Digital Operations Strategy) Framework specifically designed for smart educational environments. Using a blended mix-methods research approach, primary data was collected from 500 respondents across six categories of educational institutions in the country along with IoT telemetry and operational performance data at 24 participating campuses. The quantitative analysis spanning multiple regression, one-way ANOVA and pre-post comparative testing indicates a statistically significant improvement in several operational domains following the deployment of IoT and analytics, which include a 39.7% increase in energy management efficiency (p < 0.001), a 45.7% increase in attendance tracking accuracy (p < 0.001) and an increase of 59.4% improvement with respect to security response metrics (p < 0.001). Also in a similar fashion, sustainability outcomes were also above their benchmarks; carbon emissions decreased by 22.7%, while digital process coverage reached 83.6% (the institutional target is set to be exceeded at more than 80%). The SDOS Framework is a five-layer interconnected layers: Infrastructure, Data Governance, Analytics Intelligence, Process Automation & Strategic Sustainability provide a repeatable and scalable foundation to institutions at different stages of digital maturity The results reveal that IoT-analytics convergence when built around a cohesive governance framework provides quantifiable process excellence while achieving sustainability imperatives. Findings are discussed in terms of policy implications and suggestions for further research.
Sustainable Digital Operations; IoT in Education; Data Analytics Framework; Smart Educational Institutions; Process Excellence; Digital Transformation; Sustainability Strategy
Copyright (c) 2023 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Effectiveness Of Purchase Order Processing System In Automobile Component Manufacturing: A Study At Sundram Fasteners Limited
Efficient procurement management is a critical determinant of operational performance in manufacturing organizations. This study examines the effectiveness of the Purchase Order Processing System (POPS) implemented at Sundram Fasteners Limited, a flagship enterprise of the TVS Group and a leading manufacturer of automotive components headquartered in Chennai, India. Primary data were collected from 51 respondents across departments including purchasing, finance, inventory, warehouse, and administration using a structured questionnaire with Likert-scale response options. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, employing percentage analysis, correlation analysis, ANOVA, and regression analysis. Findings reveal that 72% of respondents agree or strongly agree that purchase orders reduce procurement errors, while 76% affirm their positive impact on supplier communication. Regression analysis confirms that proper budgeting and supplier communication are the strongest predictors of purchase order system effectiveness, collectively explaining 71.6% of the variance in procurement performance (R² = 0.716, p < 0.001). ANOVA results indicate no significant difference in perceptions across age groups (p = 0.132), suggesting uniform acceptance of the system across employee demographics. The study concludes that a well-structured purchase order system materially improves procurement accuracy, transparency, inventory control, and interdepartmental coordination. Practical recommendations include ERP integration, digital approval workflows, supplier communication platforms, and periodic employee training programmes.
Purchase Order Processing, Procurement Management, Automotive Components, Supplier Communication, ERP Integration, Sundram Fasteners Limited
Impact Of Online Reviews And Ratings On Consumer Trust Towards Food Delivery Apps In Coimbatore District
The proliferation of food delivery applications such as Zomato, Swiggy, and other apps in Tier-II Indian cities has radically transformed consumer purchasing behaviour. In this competitive landscape, online reviews and star ratings have emerged as powerful trust-building mechanisms that significantly influence consumer decisions. This study empirically investigates the impact of online reviews and ratings on consumer trust towards food delivery apps among users in Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India. Anchored in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Information Adoption Model (IAM), and the Signalling Theory, the research employs a structured questionnaire administered to 819 respondents selected via stratified random sampling. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 28 and IBM AMOS 26. The analytical framework includes Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), Pearson Correlation, Multiple Linear Regression, and one-way ANOVA. Key findings reveal that review helpfulness (β = 0.423, p < 0.001), reviewer credibility (β = 0.318, p < 0.001), and aggregate star ratings (β = 0.274, p < 0.001) are the most significant determinants of consumer trust. SEM results confirm adequate model fit (χ²/df = 2.14; CFI = 0.962; TLI = 0.956; RMSEA = 0.047; SRMR = 0.052). The study provides actionable managerial insights for food delivery platform operators seeking to leverage user-generated content as a trust-building tool in Coimbatore's rapidly expanding digital food economy.
Online Reviews, Consumer Trust, Food Delivery Apps, Zomato, Swiggy, eWOM, Structural Equation Modelling, Coimbatore, TAM, Signalling Theory.
प्राकृतिक संसाधनों के संरक्षण में सतत विकास की भूमिका: एक अनुसंधानात्मक अध्ययन
प्राकृतिक संसाधन मानव जीवन एवं आर्थिक विकास का आधार हैं, परंतु बढ़ती जनसंख्या, खनन, औद्योगीकरण तथा वनोन्मूलन ने इनके अस्तित्व को संकट में डाल दिया है। प्रस्तुत अध्ययन का उद्देश्य झारखंड के हजारीबाग जिले में प्राकृतिक संसाधनों के संरक्षण में सतत विकास की भूमिका का मूल्यांकन करना तथा वर्तमान में अपनाई जा रही संरक्षण रणनीतियों की प्रभावशीलता का विश्लेषण करना है। अनुसंधान वर्णनात्मक एवं विश्लेषणात्मक शोध अभिकल्प पर आधारित है, जिसमें द्वैधीय आँकड़े सरकारी प्रकाशनों, भारत वन स्थिति प्रतिवेदन 2021, केंद्रीय भूजल बोर्ड तथा जनगणना 2011 से लिए गए, तथा 240 उत्तरदाताओं से प्राथमिक आँकड़े संरचित प्रश्नावली के माध्यम से एकत्र किए गए। परिकल्पना यह थी कि सतत विकास अभ्यासों एवं प्राकृतिक संसाधन संरक्षण में सकारात्मक सहसंबंध है। काई-वर्ग परीक्षण तथा सहसंबंध विश्लेषण के परिणामों ने इस परिकल्पना की पुष्टि की (r=0.71, p<0.05)। हजारीबाग में वन आवरण निरंतर घट रहा है तथा भूजल स्तर मॉनसून-पूर्व 2022 में लगभग 2 मीटर तक गिरा। अध्ययन यह निष्कर्ष देता है कि समुदाय-आधारित जल संग्रहण, वनरोपण एवं नीतिगत हस्तक्षेप संरक्षण की कुंजी हैं।
सतत विकास, प्राकृतिक संसाधन संरक्षण, हजारीबाग, वन आवरण, भूजल प्रबंधन
लिंग के आधार पर छात्र-शिक्षकों की भावनात्मक परिपक्वता, सामाजिक परिपक्वता एवं नैतिक निर्णय का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन
प्रस्तुत शोध अध्ययन का मुख्य उद्देश्य झारखंड के हजारीबाग जिले में स्थित बी.एड. महाविद्यालयों के छात्र-शिक्षकों की भावनात्मक परिपक्वता, सामाजिक परिपक्वता एवं नैतिक निर्णय का लिंग के आधार पर तुलनात्मक अध्ययन करना था। शोधकर्ता ने इस अध्ययन में वर्णनात्मक सर्वेक्षण विधि का प्रयोग किया तथा यादृच्छिक स्तरीकृत प्रतिचयन तकनीक द्वारा कुल 200 छात्र-शिक्षकों (100 पुरुष व 100 महिला) का चयन किया। आँकड़ों के संकलन हेतु यशवीर सिंह एवं महेश भार्गव द्वारा निर्मित भावनात्मक परिपक्वता मापनी, डॉ. नलिनी राव की सामाजिक परिपक्वता मापनी तथा डॉ. रंजना कुमारी के नैतिक निर्णय परीक्षण का प्रयोग किया गया। आँकड़ों के विश्लेषण हेतु माध्य, मानक विचलन एवं टी-परीक्षण विधि का प्रयोग किया गया। शोध परिणामों से ज्ञात हुआ कि महिला छात्र-शिक्षिकाओं की भावनात्मक एवं सामाजिक परिपक्वता पुरुष छात्र-शिक्षकों की तुलना में सार्थक रूप से उच्च स्तर की पाई गई, तथा नैतिक निर्णय के क्षेत्र में भी दोनों समूहों के बीच सांख्यिकीय रूप से सार्थक अंतर देखा गया। अध्ययन शिक्षक प्रशिक्षण कार्यक्रमों के लिए महत्वपूर्ण निहितार्थ प्रस्तुत करता है।
भावनात्मक परिपक्वता, सामाजिक परिपक्वता, नैतिक निर्णय, छात्र-शिक्षक, लिंग-आधारित तुलना
Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Rise Of The Gig Economy: Implications For Income Stability And Career Development
The gig economy has emerged as a transformative labour market phenomenon, characterised by flexible, short term, and platform-based employment arrangements. While it provides opportunities for income generation and autonomy, concerns regarding income instability and limited career development persist. This study empirically examines these issues using primary data from 500 gig workers across multiple sectors. Statistical techniques including descriptive analysis, correlation, reliability testing, regression modelling, factor analysis, and structural equation modelling (SEM) are employed. The results indicate that although average monthly income is ₹30,388, income variability remains high (mean = 0.46), reflecting unstable earnings patterns. Savings behaviour is weak (mean savings rate = 22%) and not significantly influenced by income or variability. Career related constructs such as job security, skill development, and career growth show poor internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.005), suggesting fragmented career pathways. Regression and SEM results further confirm the absence of strong structural relationships between income stability and career development. The study concludes that the gig economy functions primarily as a flexible income source rather than a sustainable career system. Policy interventions focusing on financial security, skill development, and structured career progression are essential for improving long term outcomes.
Gig economy; Income instability; Career development; Platform-based employment; Savings behaviour; Structural Equation Modelling (SEM); Job security; Earnings variability.
Accounting Education in Papua New Guinea: Advancing Industry Readiness in the Digital Era
The accounting profession in Papua New Guinea is undergoing change driven by globalization, new regulations, and digital technologies such as cloud accounting, artificial intelligence, and blockchain. University programs have started responding to these shifts. But how far has the response gone? This mixed-methods study surveyed 73 accounting students, 13 lecturers, and 17 employers across three PNG universities (UPNG, IBSU, and SCU) to examine the state of accounting education and its alignment with industry needs. Results show that 92% of students rated their subjects as relevant or highly relevant. About 75% confirmed curriculum alignment with job market needs. Software training covered MYOB (48%) and Xero (52%). All lecturers (100%) agreed that digital tools should be integrated into course delivery. Employers assessed 88% of recent graduates as adequately prepared. Areas for further development include broader software exposure, faculty training in digital tools, and stronger university-industry collaboration. All students (100%) completed internships, with 84% rating them as useful. The study confirms that PNG accounting programs provide strong theoretical foundations and identifies opportunities to strengthen digital and practical components for the benefit of graduates and the profession.
Corporate Governance and Ethics in the PNG Banking Industry: Challenges and Opportunities
Banking systems play a central role in the economic development of any nation. Poor corporate governance (CG) within banks has long been identified as one of the major reasons for financial crises. This study examines the corporate governance and ethical practices in the commercial banking sector of Papua New Guinea (PNG), with particular focus on customer perceptions in Port Moresby. Using a mixed-methods approach, primary data were collected from 89 customers through structured surveys and open-ended interviews. The analysis shows that while about 87 per cent of respondents consider CG important or very important, nearly 77 per cent have either nil or limited knowledge of CG concepts in banking. Around 84 per cent of respondents rate ethical standards at their banks as fair or good, and a similar proportion express satisfaction with banking services. The study identifies lack of comprehensive training, regulatory constraints, and insufficient enforcement as the top challenges. It recommends customer awareness programmes, stronger regulatory action by the Bank of Papua New Guinea (BPNG), and further bank-level research. The findings are analysed using Stakeholder Theory as the theoretical lens.
A Study On Ocean Freight Operations And Management With Reference To Greenwich Meridian Logistics India Pvt. Ltd.,
This study examines ocean freight operations and management practices at Greenwich Meridian Logistics India Pvt. Ltd. (GML), one of India’s leading global logistics providers headquartered in Mumbai with operations across major ports including Chennai. The research evaluates how GML plans, executes, and optimizes sea freight services—including FCL, LCL, dry bulk, and multimodal shipments—while maintaining cost efficiency, reliability, and customer satisfaction. Using primary data from employee interactions and company records alongside secondary data from industry reports and academic literature, the study analyzes key operational processes such as cargo handling, documentation, customs clearance, port operations, and container tracking. The findings highlight GML’s structured ocean cargo team, its emphasis on timely customs clearance, and its role as a freight forwarder coordinating between exporters, importers, and transport providers. Challenges identified include port congestion, documentation delays, yard bottlenecks, and exposure to supply chain disruptions, which the company addresses through better planning, relational contracts with carriers, and enhanced visibility tools. The study concludes that effective ocean freight governance, strong forwarder–carrier relationships, and investment in digital visibility are critical for improving operational efficiency and resilience in India’s ocean logistics sector.
ocean freight, ocean shipping, logistics management, freight forwarding, Greenwich Meridian Logistics, supply chain management, FCL, LCL, customs clearance, port operations, containerization, ocean freight visibility, cost optimization, India logistics
Customs procedures are at the heart of international trade, and getting them right can make or break supply chain performance. This study takes a close look at how FTWZ — a Free Trade Warehousing Zone (FTWZ) operator based in Sriperumbudur, Chennai — manages its customs clearance processes in practice. Using a descriptive research design, we surveyed 60 employees across five departments through a 30-question structured questionnaire. The results paint an encouraging but nuanced picture: 76.67% of staff are well-versed in import and export documentation, and nearly three-quarters confirmed that import clearances are typically wrapped up within 48 hours. That said, 70% acknowledged that documentation errors do slow things down at least occasionally. While digital tools like EDI and WMS have been widely embraced, system downtime and uneven training continue to create friction. The study concludes that customs efficiency at FTWZ is driven by the interplay of accurate documentation, smart technology use, regulatory awareness, and good coordination between teams — and offers practical recommendations to sharpen performance across each of these dimensions.
Customs Procedure, FTWZ, VMI, SMI, ICEGATE, EDI, Duty Deferment, Documentation Accuracy, Trade Facilitation
Impact Of Social Media Advertising On Order Volume, Delivery Performance, And Customer Satisfaction
No-show behaviour in appointment scheduling systems has become a major operational challenge in service-based organizations. Missed appointments without prior cancellation lead to reduced productivity, poor resource utilization, customer dissatisfaction, and financial losses. The present study focuses on analyzing the causes and impact of no-show behaviour in appointment scheduling systems at CAFS Infotech. The study also examines the effectiveness of reminder notifications, booking convenience, and rescheduling flexibility in reducing missed appointments. Primary data for the study was collected from 50 respondents through structured questionnaires. Statistical tools such as percentage analysis, Chi-Square analysis, ANOVA, regression analysis, and reliability analysis were used through SPSS software for data interpretation. The findings indicate that reminder systems and digital scheduling methods improve customer convenience; however, statistical analysis shows no significant relationship between reminder notifications and no-show behaviour. The study concludes that organizations should strengthen communication systems, automated reminders, and flexible scheduling practices to improve appointment attendance and operational efficiency.
No-show Behaviour, Appointment Scheduling System, Reminder Notifications, Customer Behaviour, SPSS Analysis, CAFS Infotech, Service Efficiency, Appointment Management.
Human Resources Policies And Organizational Culture
Human Resource (HR) operations play a crucial role in shaping and sustaining organizational culture within an organization. HR operations involve key functions such as recruitment, training and development, performance management, employee engagement, and policy implementation. These functions directly influence employees’ behavior, attitudes, and overall workplace environment. A strong organizational culture, characterized by shared values, beliefs, and practices, enhances employee satisfaction, productivity, and organizational effectiveness. This study examines the relationship between HR operations and organizational culture, highlighting how effective HR practices contribute to building a positive work environment. It emphasizes that transparent communication, fair policies, and consistent leadership practices help in aligning employee goals with organizational objectives. Furthermore, HR operations act as a bridge between management and employees, ensuring that organizational values are clearly communicated and practiced. The findings suggest that organizations with well-structured HR operations tend to develop a strong, adaptive, and performance-driven culture. Thus, HR operations are not only administrative functions but also strategic tools that significantly impact organizational success and long-term sustainability.
HR Operations, Organizational Culture, Employee Engagement, Performance Management, Training and Development, Workplace Environment.
Impact Of Training Within A Industry(Twi) Programs On Productivity Improvement Of Shop Floor Employees
Training Within Industry programs play a part in helping employees do their jobs better improving the quality of work and getting more work done in factories. Good training helps the people who work on the factory floor learn skills make fewer mistakes work more efficiently and keep production going smoothly. This study looks at how Training Within Industry programs affect the productivity of the people who work on the factory floor at a factory from 2020 to 2025. The study uses information that the factory already had, like questionnaires filled out by employees training records, production reports, feedback from supervisors and reports on how the factory is doing. The study uses different tools to analyse the information like looking at how productive people are, comparing numbers looking at trends and evaluating how well employees are doing. The study finds that Training Within Industry programs really helped employees get work done and do their jobs better during the time the study was done. Employees got better at their jobs because they got instructions made fewer mistakes got better at using machines and followed the rules more closely. The study also saw that people were not wasting much time throwing away as much material or redoing as much work after the factory started training programs. Employees felt more confident. The study says that Training Within Industry programs had an effect, on the productivity of the people who work on the factory floor by helping them learn new skills work more efficiently and do their jobs better overall. The study also says that factories should keep training employees monitoring their performance and giving them hands-on practice to help them get better and better at their jobs. This can help factories produce more and do well in the run.
Training Within Industry Employee Productivity, Shop Floor Employees, Skill Development, Industrial Training, Operational Efficiency, Manufacturing Performance, Workforce Development, Productivity Improvement.
Measuring The Effect Of Social Media Ads On Order Volume, Delivery Perfomance, And Customer Satisfaction.
This study explores the effect of social media advertising on order volume, delivery performance, and customer satisfaction at Thrise (RBSorting Hat Private Limited). Businesses today rely on platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Amazon to increase sales and customer engagement. While advertisements improve order volume, they also create operational challenges related to inventory, fulfilment, and logistics. The study used a mixed-method approach during Spring 2026. Primary data was collected from 50 respondents through questionnaires, while secondary data was obtained from Amazon and Meta campaign metrics. Findings reveal that products such as Gluco Balance generated high conversion rates, whereas products like the CPAP Machine resulted in poor performance and unnecessary advertising expenses. Survey results indicate that customers are influenced by attractive advertisements, but delivery speed, tracking accuracy, and service reliability strongly affect customer satisfaction. The study concludes that businesses must balance marketing performance with operational efficiency to achieve sustainable growth and long-term customer satisfaction.
Social Media Advertising, Order Volume, Delivery Performance, Customer Satisfaction, E-Commerce, Conversion Rate (CVR), ROAS, Fulfilment, Buy Box, Thrise.
Student Perspectives on the Integration of ICT in Secondary Education: Evidence from Alipurduar District, West Bengal
This study investigates student perspectives on the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in secondary education within Alipurduar District, West Bengal a geographically peripheral, tribal-dominated region characterised by limited digital infrastructure. A descriptive survey method was employed with 200 secondary school students (Classes IX and X) selected through stratified random sampling from eight schools across rural, semi-urban, and urban areas. A structured Likert-scale questionnaire served as the primary data collection instrument. The study hypothesises that students in Alipurduar hold moderately positive attitudes towards ICT in learning, yet face substantial infrastructural and pedagogical barriers to its effective integration. Results reveal that 68.5% of respondents demonstrated positive perceptions of ICT integration, while only 37.5% of sampled schools had functional internet connectivity. Statistically significant gender differences were observed, with male students exhibiting stronger positive ICT attitudes. The study confirms that inadequate infrastructure, insufficient teacher training, poor connectivity, and language barriers in digital content collectively hinder effective ICT integration. Targeted policy interventions are recommended to accelerate digital equity in secondary education across the district. Data used in this study pertains to the period up to 2021.
ICT integration, secondary education, student perspectives, Alipurduar district, West Bengal
Copyright (c) 2022 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Perception of Small Investors towards Mutual Funds as a Savings Tool: Identifying Barriers to Adoption in Bareilly Division (Uttar Pradesh)
The increased popularity of mutual funds as a systematic investment option has changed the environment of household savings in India. Nonetheless, the entry of small investors, especially in the semi-urban areas has always been relatively low despite the rising awareness and enabling regulations. This paper looks into how the small investors perceive mutual fund as a form of savings and the critical hurdles that affect their use in the Bareilly Division, Uttar Pradesh. The study is founded on the primary data of 200 people on which 197 valid answers were processed according to the structured questionnaires. Pearson correlation, linear regression as well as one-way ANOVA are used to analyze connection between financial literacy, income levels and investment behaviour in the study. The data show that financial literacy is positively influential on mutual-fund adoption to the considerable extent, whereas risk perception and trust deficit are the strong preventive factors. Moreover, the outcomes of the ANOVA indicate that there are statistically significant difference in perception between various income groups and this could indicate that socio-economic variables are instrumental in any type of investment decision. The study adds to the literature that is already in existence in the sense that it uses a semi-urban area where localised patterns of behaviour have been ignored in large-scale research. The research suggests the need to increase the financial literacy programs, ease up investment processes, and build investor trust by effectively communicating and regulating investment activities. The implications of this research to policy makers, financial institutions and asset management firms that seek to increase the mutual fund penetration by small investors in emerging markets are significant. DOI: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/05.2026-82759558
Mutual Funds; Investor Perception; Financial Literacy; Small Investors; Investment Behaviour
Climate Change and Indian Foodgrain Productivity: An Econometric Analysis of the Impact of Temperature Rise, Rainfall Variability, and CO₂ Concentration on Wheat and Rice Yields (1990–2023)
How much does a warming climate cost Indian agriculture? This paper exploits three decades of state-level panel data (20 states, 1990–2023) to estimate the causal impact of rising temperatures, increasing rainfall variability, and changing atmospheric CO₂ concentrations on wheat and rice yields — the two crops that underpin India’s food security. Employing Fixed Effects, Random Effects, and system GMM estimators within a Ricardian-Just-Pope production function framework, we find that a one-degree Celsius increase in mean growing-season temperature reduces wheat yield by 6.2 percent and rice yield by 4.5 percent. A one-percentage-point rise in rainfall coefficient of variation depresses rice yields by 5.2 percent and wheat yields by 3.8 percent. The modest CO₂ fertilization effect — roughly 0.8 to 1.2 percent per 10 ppm increase — is far too small to offset thermal damage. The geography of vulnerability is starkly uneven: eastern India (Bihar, Odisha) and central India (Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra), where irrigation coverage remains low and farms are small, exhibit vulnerability indices of 4.2–4.8 on a five-point scale, while the canal-irrigated northwestern plains (Punjab, Haryana) score a comparatively resilient 2.5–2.8. Under the IPCC’s business-as-usual trajectory (RCP 8.5), India could lose 28.3 percent of its wheat production and 22.5 percent of its rice production by mid-century — a prospect that would jeopardize food security for 1.6 billion people. Irrigation expansion, heat-tolerant varietal development, and climate-smart agricultural practices emerge as the three most consequential adaptation levers. DOI: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/05.2026-46135191
Climate change, crop productivity, wheat, rice, panel econometrics, Ricardian model, food security, India, adaptation, temperature sensitivity
Analyzing Working Capital Efficiency, Including Accounts Receivable ( Customer Payments) and account s payable
Working capital management is an essential part of financial management because it helps companies maintain smooth business operations, improve liquidity, and ensure profitability. Proper management of accounts receivable and accounts payable plays a major role in maintaining stable cash flow and uninterrupted production activities. This study examines the working capital efficiency of PMI Engineering Exports Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, with special reference to accounts receivable and accounts payable during the period from 2020–21 to 2024–25. The study mainly uses secondary financial data collected from annual reports, financial statements, company records, and internal reports. Various financial tools such as Debtors Turnover Ratio, Average Collection Period, Payables Turnover Ratio, Average Payment Period, Working Capital Turnover Ratio, Cash Conversion Cycle, Comparative Statement Analysis, and Trend Analysis were used to evaluate the company’s working capital performance. The findings indicate that the company maintained efficient receivables and payables management practices throughout the study period. The Debtors Turnover Ratio improved from 4.6 times to 4.9 times, while the Average Collection Period reduced from 79 days to 74 days, showing better receivables collection efficiency. Similarly, the Payables Turnover Ratio increased from 6.1 times to 6.5 times, reflecting effective supplier payment management. The Cash Conversion Cycle also improved from 98 days to 96 days, indicating efficient operational cash flow management. The study concludes that PMI Engineering Exports Pvt. Ltd. maintained sound working capital management practices that contributed to improved liquidity position, operational efficiency, and business growth. The study also suggests strengthening receivables management, inventory control, and cash flow planning for long-term financial sustainability.
Working Capital Management, Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable, Cash Conversion Cycle, Liquidity, Debtors Turnover Ratio, Payables Turnover Ratio, Financial Efficiency, PMI Engineering Exports Pvt. Ltd.
Sustainability Of Mutual Benefit Nidhi Companies: A Financial Performance Analysis
The financial viability of Mutual Benefit Nidhi Companies is a pressing issue in India’s finance sector. These member-based companies serve a vital function at the grass roots and are typically less studied than the more established forms of finance. Analysis of the financial viability of Sri Karpaga Vinayagar Mutual Benefit Nidhi Ltd. in Kumbakonam, India is performed by exploring the impact of savings behaviour, loans, service quality and overall satisfaction on the company’s financial performance, and consequently, its long-term viability. Primary data was gathered using a structured Likert-type questionnaire to evaluate 70 members of this institution. Statistical tools, such as mean analysis, Pearson correlation, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression, were conducted using Microsoft Excel software. Mean analysis indicates that the financial performance of this institution is of good repute, with a mean score of 12.61 which indicates a high degree of member support. Correlation analysis establishes a strong positive relationship between financial performance and sustainability (r = 0.85). Regression analysis found that 79.06% of the variance in sustainability is explained by the independent variables used in the study, and that overall satisfaction had the largest impact (β = 0.497). ANOVA demonstrated statistically significant differences among the variables of the study (F = 3.61, p = 0.003). The study findings suggest that Nidhi companies have long-term viability through the simultaneous completion of all four variables.
Nidhi Companies, Financial Performance, Sustainability, Member Satisfaction, Savings Behaviour, Loan Facilities, Service Quality
A Comprehensive Study On Warehouse Operations And Process Optimization At Ssk Warehouse
This study examines the operational structure and performance of warehouse management within SSK Smart Move Logistics Pvt Ltd, a logistics service provider operating in India. Warehousing is a critical component of the supply chain as it ensures the efficient storage, handling, and movement of goods from the point of origin to the final destination. The research focuses on analyzing core warehouse functions such as receiving, inspection, storage, inventory control, order processing, and dispatch. Additionally, the study evaluates the impact of inventory holding time on operational costs and overall efficiency. Using a descriptive and quantitative research approach, real-time warehouse data has been analyzed to understand how operational practices influence performance outcomes. The study identifies key challenges such as increasing holding costs, inefficiencies in inventory management, and operational delays. It also highlights the importance of adopting technological solutions, improving layout design, and optimizing workforce utilization. The findings of the study contribute to both academic understanding and practical improvements in warehouse operations.
Warehouse Management, Logistics, Inventory Control, Holding Cost, Supply Chain Efficiency, Warehouse Operations, Cost Optimization.
A Study At Orbis Logistics And Role Of Customs House Agent In Import And Export Clearance
The Customs House Agent (CHA) occupies an indispensable position in facilitating smooth import and export clearance within international trade. This study examines the operational role, documentation responsibilities, coordination activities, and challenges encountered by CHAs at the study organization a professional freight forwarding and customs clearance service provider. Using a descriptive research design and census-based primary data collection from all 55 employees across Operations, Documentation, Import, Export, Accounts, and Warehouse departments, the study captures first-hand insights into the entire customs clearance lifecycle. A structured questionnaire administered via Google Forms served as the data collection instrument, and statistical tools including percentage analysis, descriptive statistics, Cronbach's Alpha reliability analysis, and one Way ANOVA were applied using IBM SPSS. The findings reveal that documentation accuracy, inter-departmental communication, technology adoption through platforms such as ICEGATE, and coordination between CHA staff and customs authorities are the principal determinants of clearance efficiency. Key challenges identified include documentation errors, inspection delays, and coordination gaps. The study recommends investment in digital documentation management systems, centralized communication platforms, structured training programs, and standardized operating procedures to strengthen customs clearance performance. These findings contribute to the limited body of organization-specific CHA research in the Indian logistics context and provide actionable strategies for improving operational efficiency in freight forwarding environments.
Customs House Agent, Import Clearance, Export Clearance, ICEGATE, Freight Forwarding, Logistics, Documentation Accuracy, Supply Chain