INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AND REVIEW
type: channel
language: en
publication name: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AND REVIEW
items: A Study On Ocean Freight Operations And Management With Reference To Greenwich Meridian Logistics India Pvt. Ltd.,
items: A Study On Customs Procedures
items: Impact Of Social Media Advertising On Order Volume, Delivery Performance, And Customer Satisfaction
items: Human Resources Policies And Organizational Culture
items: Impact Of Training Within A Industry(Twi) Programs On Productivity Improvement Of Shop Floor Employees
items: Measuring The Effect Of Social Media Ads On Order Volume, Delivery Perfomance, And Customer Satisfaction.
items: Student Perspectives on the Integration of ICT in Secondary Education: Evidence from Alipurduar District, West Bengal
items: Perception of Small Investors towards Mutual Funds as a Savings Tool: Identifying Barriers to Adoption in Bareilly Division (Uttar Pradesh)
items: Climate Change and Indian Foodgrain Productivity: An Econometric Analysis of the Impact of Temperature Rise, Rainfall Variability, and CO₂ Concentration on Wheat and Rice Yields (1990–2023)
items: Analyzing Working Capital Efficiency, Including Accounts Receivable ( Customer Payments) and account s payable
items: Sustainability Of Mutual Benefit Nidhi Companies: A Financial Performance Analysis
items: A Comprehensive Study On Warehouse Operations And Process Optimization At Ssk Warehouse
items: A Study At Orbis Logistics And Role Of Customs House Agent In Import And Export Clearance
items: Equity Valuation Of A Selected Company TCS Using Multiple Valuation Methods
items: Enhancing Customs Clearance Efficiency Through Digital Platform
items: Analysis Of Customer Adoption of Digital Banking Channels
items: Recruitment Strategics In Tech Based System Activities BGV In Zauba Corp
items: An Assessing The Performance Of Companies Using F-Score And Z-Score With Artificial Neural Networks
items: A Comparative Study Of Air And Sea Freight From Chennai To Hamburg Based On Cost, Transit Time, And Seasonal Demand
items: Reducing Operational Delays By 5 Percentage In Shipping Agencies Through Optimized Warehouse And Cargo Handling
items: In Power Bi Production And Control Utilising By Dashboard
items: Transit Time And Cost Control In International Freight Forwarding
items: A Study On Lead-To-Booking Funnel Analysis And The Impact Of Follow-Up Frequency On Sales Conversion At Sree Kumar Infrastructure
items: Influence Job Demands, Job Resources, Workplace Health And Wellness On Satisfaction With Life Of Employees Working In Select It Companies
items: Exploring Student Wellness And Intervention Programs: A Preliminary Assessment In A Hong Kong Secondary School
items: Comparative Study Of The Design Of A Pre-Engineered Building Having Multiple Cranes With And Without Laced Columns
items: Drug Inventory and Supply Chain Tracking
items: An Empirical Study On The Impact Of Gst On Logistics Management In Tirupur
items: Evaluating Repayment Rates And Sustainability Of The Microfinance Model In Empowering Women Entrepreneurs

A Study On Ocean Freight Operations And Management With Reference To Greenwich Meridian Logistics India Pvt. Ltd.,
type: item
description: This study examines ocean freight operations and management practices at Greenwich Meridian Logistics India Pvt. Ltd. (GML), one of India’s leading global logistics providers headquartered in Mumbai with operations across major ports including Chennai. The research evaluates how GML plans, executes, and optimizes sea freight services—including FCL, LCL, dry bulk, and multimodal shipments—while maintaining cost efficiency, reliability, and customer satisfaction. Using primary data from employee interactions and company records alongside secondary data from industry reports and academic literature, the study analyzes key operational processes such as cargo handling, documentation, customs clearance, port operations, and container tracking. The findings highlight GML’s structured ocean cargo team, its emphasis on timely customs clearance, and its role as a freight forwarder coordinating between exporters, importers, and transport providers. Challenges identified include port congestion, documentation delays, yard bottlenecks, and exposure to supply chain disruptions, which the company addresses through better planning, relational contracts with carriers, and enhanced visibility tools. The study concludes that effective ocean freight governance, strong forwarder–carrier relationships, and investment in digital visibility are critical for improving operational efficiency and resilience in India’s ocean logistics sector.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: ocean freight, ocean shipping, logistics management, freight forwarding, Greenwich Meridian Logistics, supply chain management, FCL, LCL, customs clearance, port operations, containerization, ocean freight visibility, cost optimization, India logistics
creator: Mr Vishal N
creator: Dr. Senthil Kumar R
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
starting page: 253
ending page: 257

A Study On Customs Procedures
type: item
description: Customs procedures are at the heart of international trade, and getting them right can make or break supply chain performance. This study takes a close look at how FTWZ — a Free Trade Warehousing Zone (FTWZ) operator based in Sriperumbudur, Chennai — manages its customs clearance processes in practice. Using a descriptive research design, we surveyed 60 employees across five departments through a 30-question structured questionnaire. The results paint an encouraging but nuanced picture: 76.67% of staff are well-versed in import and export documentation, and nearly three-quarters confirmed that import clearances are typically wrapped up within 48 hours. That said, 70% acknowledged that documentation errors do slow things down at least occasionally. While digital tools like EDI and WMS have been widely embraced, system downtime and uneven training continue to create friction. The study concludes that customs efficiency at FTWZ is driven by the interplay of accurate documentation, smart technology use, regulatory awareness, and good coordination between teams — and offers practical recommendations to sharpen performance across each of these dimensions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Customs Procedure, FTWZ, VMI, SMI, ICEGATE, EDI, Duty Deferment, Documentation Accuracy, Trade Facilitation
  topic: keywords
creator: Vimalraj V
creator: Dr. Senthil Kumar R
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
starting page: 246
ending page: 252

Impact Of Social Media Advertising On Order Volume, Delivery Performance, And Customer Satisfaction
type: item
description: No-show behaviour in appointment scheduling systems has become a major operational challenge in service-based organizations. Missed appointments without prior cancellation lead to reduced productivity, poor resource utilization, customer dissatisfaction, and financial losses. The present study focuses on analyzing the causes and impact of no-show behaviour in appointment scheduling systems at CAFS Infotech. The study also examines the effectiveness of reminder notifications, booking convenience, and rescheduling flexibility in reducing missed appointments. Primary data for the study was collected from 50 respondents through structured questionnaires. Statistical tools such as percentage analysis, Chi-Square analysis, ANOVA, regression analysis, and reliability analysis were used through SPSS software for data interpretation. The findings indicate that reminder systems and digital scheduling methods improve customer convenience; however, statistical analysis shows no significant relationship between reminder notifications and no-show behaviour. The study concludes that organizations should strengthen communication systems, automated reminders, and flexible scheduling practices to improve appointment attendance and operational efficiency.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: No-show Behaviour, Appointment Scheduling System, Reminder Notifications, Customer Behaviour, SPSS Analysis, CAFS Infotech, Service Efficiency, Appointment Management.
  topic: keywords
creator: KIRAN . D
creator: Dr R Senthil Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
starting page: 241
ending page: 245

Human Resources Policies And Organizational Culture
type: item
description: Human Resource (HR) operations play a crucial role in shaping and sustaining organizational culture within an organization. HR operations involve key functions such as recruitment, training and development, performance management, employee engagement, and policy implementation. These functions directly influence employees’ behavior, attitudes, and overall workplace environment. A strong organizational culture, characterized by shared values, beliefs, and practices, enhances employee satisfaction, productivity, and organizational effectiveness. This study examines the relationship between HR operations and organizational culture, highlighting how effective HR practices contribute to building a positive work environment. It emphasizes that transparent communication, fair policies, and consistent leadership practices help in aligning employee goals with organizational objectives. Furthermore, HR operations act as a bridge between management and employees, ensuring that organizational values are clearly communicated and practiced. The findings suggest that organizations with well-structured HR operations tend to develop a strong, adaptive, and performance-driven culture. Thus, HR operations are not only administrative functions but also strategic tools that significantly impact organizational success and long-term sustainability.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: HR Operations, Organizational Culture, Employee Engagement, Performance Management, Training and Development, Workplace Environment.
  topic: keywords
creator: S. Ramamoorthy
creator: Dr P Vinodhini
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-11
publication date: 2026-05-11
starting page: 233
ending page: 240

Impact Of Training Within A Industry(Twi) Programs On Productivity Improvement Of Shop Floor Employees
type: item
description: Training Within Industry programs play a part in helping employees do their jobs better improving the quality of work and getting more work done in factories. Good training helps the people who work on the factory floor learn skills make fewer mistakes work more efficiently and keep production going smoothly. This study looks at how Training Within Industry programs affect the productivity of the people who work on the factory floor at a factory from 2020 to 2025. The study uses information that the factory already had, like questionnaires filled out by employees training records, production reports, feedback from supervisors and reports on how the factory is doing. The study uses different tools to analyse the information like looking at how productive people are, comparing numbers looking at trends and evaluating how well employees are doing. The study finds that Training Within Industry programs really helped employees get work done and do their jobs better during the time the study was done. Employees got better at their jobs because they got instructions made fewer mistakes got better at using machines and followed the rules more closely. The study also saw that people were not wasting much time throwing away as much material or redoing as much work after the factory started training programs. Employees felt more confident. The study says that Training Within Industry programs had an effect, on the productivity of the people who work on the factory floor by helping them learn new skills work more efficiently and do their jobs better overall. The study also says that factories should keep training employees monitoring their performance and giving them hands-on practice to help them get better and better at their jobs. This can help factories produce more and do well in the run.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Training Within Industry Employee Productivity, Shop Floor Employees, Skill Development, Industrial Training, Operational Efficiency, Manufacturing Performance, Workforce Development, Productivity Improvement.
creator: S Dheebalakshmi
creator: Dr G Madhumitha
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-11
publication date: 2026-05-11
starting page: 227
ending page: 232

Measuring The Effect Of Social Media Ads On Order Volume, Delivery Perfomance, And Customer Satisfaction.
type: item
description: This study explores the effect of social media advertising on order volume, delivery performance, and customer satisfaction at Thrise (RBSorting Hat Private Limited). Businesses today rely on platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Amazon to increase sales and customer engagement. While advertisements improve order volume, they also create operational challenges related to inventory, fulfilment, and logistics. The study used a mixed-method approach during Spring 2026. Primary data was collected from 50 respondents through questionnaires, while secondary data was obtained from Amazon and Meta campaign metrics. Findings reveal that products such as Gluco Balance generated high conversion rates, whereas products like the CPAP Machine resulted in poor performance and unnecessary advertising expenses. Survey results indicate that customers are influenced by attractive advertisements, but delivery speed, tracking accuracy, and service reliability strongly affect customer satisfaction. The study concludes that businesses must balance marketing performance with operational efficiency to achieve sustainable growth and long-term customer satisfaction.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Media Advertising, Order Volume, Delivery Performance, Customer Satisfaction, E-Commerce, Conversion Rate (CVR), ROAS, Fulfilment, Buy Box, Thrise.
  topic: keywords
creator: Kishore. D
creator: Dr. Senthil Kumar R
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-11
publication date: 2026-05-11
starting page: 220
ending page: 226

Student Perspectives on the Integration of ICT in Secondary Education: Evidence from Alipurduar District, West Bengal
type: item
description: This study investigates student perspectives on the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in secondary education within Alipurduar District, West Bengal a geographically peripheral, tribal-dominated region characterised by limited digital infrastructure. A descriptive survey method was employed with 200 secondary school students (Classes IX and X) selected through stratified random sampling from eight schools across rural, semi-urban, and urban areas. A structured Likert-scale questionnaire served as the primary data collection instrument. The study hypothesises that students in Alipurduar hold moderately positive attitudes towards ICT in learning, yet face substantial infrastructural and pedagogical barriers to its effective integration. Results reveal that 68.5% of respondents demonstrated positive perceptions of ICT integration, while only 37.5% of sampled schools had functional internet connectivity. Statistically significant gender differences were observed, with male students exhibiting stronger positive ICT attitudes. The study confirms that inadequate infrastructure, insufficient teacher training, poor connectivity, and language barriers in digital content collectively hinder effective ICT integration. Targeted policy interventions are recommended to accelerate digital equity in secondary education across the district. Data used in this study pertains to the period up to 2021.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ICT integration, secondary education, student perspectives, Alipurduar district, West Bengal
  topic: keywords
creator: Manas Kumar Roy
creator: DR. R.N. Singh
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2022-03-28
publication date: 2022-03-28
starting page: 1
ending page: 9

Perception of Small Investors towards Mutual Funds as a Savings Tool: Identifying Barriers to Adoption in Bareilly Division (Uttar Pradesh)
type: item
description: The increased popularity of mutual funds as a systematic investment option has changed the environment of household savings in India. Nonetheless, the entry of small investors, especially in the semi-urban areas has always been relatively low despite the rising awareness and enabling regulations. This paper looks into how the small investors perceive mutual fund as a form of savings and the critical hurdles that affect their use in the Bareilly Division, Uttar Pradesh. The study is founded on the primary data of 200 people on which 197 valid answers were processed according to the structured questionnaires. Pearson correlation, linear regression as well as one-way ANOVA are used to analyze connection between financial literacy, income levels and investment behaviour in the study. The data show that financial literacy is positively influential on mutual-fund adoption to the considerable extent, whereas risk perception and trust deficit are the strong preventive factors. Moreover, the outcomes of the ANOVA indicate that there are statistically significant difference in perception between various income groups and this could indicate that socio-economic variables are instrumental in any type of investment decision. The study adds to the literature that is already in existence in the sense that it uses a semi-urban area where localised patterns of behaviour have been ignored in large-scale research. The research suggests the need to increase the financial literacy programs, ease up investment processes, and build investor trust by effectively communicating and regulating investment activities. The implications of this research to policy makers, financial institutions and asset management firms that seek to increase the mutual fund penetration by small investors in emerging markets are significant. DOI: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/05.2026-82759558
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Mutual Funds; Investor Perception; Financial Literacy; Small Investors; Investment Behaviour
  topic: keywords
creator: Arshi
creator: Dr. Bhupendar Singh
creator: Dr. Vikas Pradhan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-09
publication date: 2026-05-09
starting page: 210
ending page: 219

Climate Change and Indian Foodgrain Productivity: An Econometric Analysis of the Impact of Temperature Rise, Rainfall Variability, and CO₂ Concentration on Wheat and Rice Yields (1990–2023)
type: item
description: How much does a warming climate cost Indian agriculture? This paper exploits three decades of state-level panel data (20 states, 1990–2023) to estimate the causal impact of rising temperatures, increasing rainfall variability, and changing atmospheric CO₂ concentrations on wheat and rice yields — the two crops that underpin India’s food security. Employing Fixed Effects, Random Effects, and system GMM estimators within a Ricardian-Just-Pope production function framework, we find that a one-degree Celsius increase in mean growing-season temperature reduces wheat yield by 6.2 percent and rice yield by 4.5 percent. A one-percentage-point rise in rainfall coefficient of variation depresses rice yields by 5.2 percent and wheat yields by 3.8 percent. The modest CO₂ fertilization effect — roughly 0.8 to 1.2 percent per 10 ppm increase — is far too small to offset thermal damage. The geography of vulnerability is starkly uneven: eastern India (Bihar, Odisha) and central India (Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra), where irrigation coverage remains low and farms are small, exhibit vulnerability indices of 4.2–4.8 on a five-point scale, while the canal-irrigated northwestern plains (Punjab, Haryana) score a comparatively resilient 2.5–2.8. Under the IPCC’s business-as-usual trajectory (RCP 8.5), India could lose 28.3 percent of its wheat production and 22.5 percent of its rice production by mid-century — a prospect that would jeopardize food security for 1.6 billion people. Irrigation expansion, heat-tolerant varietal development, and climate-smart agricultural practices emerge as the three most consequential adaptation levers. DOI: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/05.2026-46135191
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Climate change, crop productivity, wheat, rice, panel econometrics, Ricardian model, food security, India, adaptation, temperature sensitivity
  topic: keywords
creator: Alok Raj
creator: Dr. M. Malik Mohamed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-08-26
publication date: 2024-08-26
starting page: 66
ending page: 75

Analyzing Working Capital Efficiency, Including Accounts Receivable ( Customer Payments) and account s payable
type: item
description: Working capital management is an essential part of financial management because it helps companies maintain smooth business operations, improve liquidity, and ensure profitability. Proper management of accounts receivable and accounts payable plays a major role in maintaining stable cash flow and uninterrupted production activities. This study examines the working capital efficiency of PMI Engineering Exports Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, with special reference to accounts receivable and accounts payable during the period from 2020–21 to 2024–25. The study mainly uses secondary financial data collected from annual reports, financial statements, company records, and internal reports. Various financial tools such as Debtors Turnover Ratio, Average Collection Period, Payables Turnover Ratio, Average Payment Period, Working Capital Turnover Ratio, Cash Conversion Cycle, Comparative Statement Analysis, and Trend Analysis were used to evaluate the company’s working capital performance. The findings indicate that the company maintained efficient receivables and payables management practices throughout the study period. The Debtors Turnover Ratio improved from 4.6 times to 4.9 times, while the Average Collection Period reduced from 79 days to 74 days, showing better receivables collection efficiency. Similarly, the Payables Turnover Ratio increased from 6.1 times to 6.5 times, reflecting effective supplier payment management. The Cash Conversion Cycle also improved from 98 days to 96 days, indicating efficient operational cash flow management. The study concludes that PMI Engineering Exports Pvt. Ltd. maintained sound working capital management practices that contributed to improved liquidity position, operational efficiency, and business growth. The study also suggests strengthening receivables management, inventory control, and cash flow planning for long-term financial sustainability.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Working Capital Management, Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable, Cash Conversion Cycle, Liquidity, Debtors Turnover Ratio, Payables Turnover Ratio, Financial Efficiency, PMI Engineering Exports Pvt. Ltd.
creator: A.Sham
creator: Dr R Senthil Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
starting page: 202
ending page: 209

Sustainability Of Mutual Benefit Nidhi Companies: A Financial Performance Analysis
type: item
description: The financial viability of Mutual Benefit Nidhi Companies is a pressing issue in India’s finance sector. These member-based companies serve a vital function at the grass roots and are typically less studied than the more established forms of finance. Analysis of the financial viability of Sri Karpaga Vinayagar Mutual Benefit Nidhi Ltd. in Kumbakonam, India is performed by exploring the impact of savings behaviour, loans, service quality and overall satisfaction on the company’s financial performance, and consequently, its long-term viability. Primary data was gathered using a structured Likert-type questionnaire to evaluate 70 members of this institution. Statistical tools, such as mean analysis, Pearson correlation, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression, were conducted using Microsoft Excel software. Mean analysis indicates that the financial performance of this institution is of good repute, with a mean score of 12.61 which indicates a high degree of member support. Correlation analysis establishes a strong positive relationship between financial performance and sustainability (r = 0.85). Regression analysis found that 79.06% of the variance in sustainability is explained by the independent variables used in the study, and that overall satisfaction had the largest impact (β = 0.497). ANOVA demonstrated statistically significant differences among the variables of the study (F = 3.61, p = 0.003). The study findings suggest that Nidhi companies have long-term viability through the simultaneous completion of all four variables.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nidhi Companies, Financial Performance, Sustainability, Member Satisfaction, Savings Behaviour, Loan Facilities, Service Quality
  topic: keywords
creator: Parthiban A
creator: Dr. Senthil Kumar R
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
starting page: 194
ending page: 201

A Comprehensive Study On Warehouse Operations And Process Optimization At Ssk Warehouse
type: item
description: This study examines the operational structure and performance of warehouse management within SSK Smart Move Logistics Pvt Ltd, a logistics service provider operating in India. Warehousing is a critical component of the supply chain as it ensures the efficient storage, handling, and movement of goods from the point of origin to the final destination. The research focuses on analyzing core warehouse functions such as receiving, inspection, storage, inventory control, order processing, and dispatch. Additionally, the study evaluates the impact of inventory holding time on operational costs and overall efficiency. Using a descriptive and quantitative research approach, real-time warehouse data has been analyzed to understand how operational practices influence performance outcomes. The study identifies key challenges such as increasing holding costs, inefficiencies in inventory management, and operational delays. It also highlights the importance of adopting technological solutions, improving layout design, and optimizing workforce utilization. The findings of the study contribute to both academic understanding and practical improvements in warehouse operations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Warehouse Management, Logistics, Inventory Control, Holding Cost, Supply Chain Efficiency, Warehouse Operations, Cost Optimization.
  topic: keywords
creator: Shyam Prasad.P
creator: Dr.R.Senthil Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
starting page: 189
ending page: 193

A Study At Orbis Logistics And Role Of Customs House Agent In Import And Export Clearance
type: item
description: The Customs House Agent (CHA) occupies an indispensable position in facilitating smooth import and export clearance within international trade. This study examines the operational role, documentation responsibilities, coordination activities, and challenges encountered by CHAs at the study organization a professional freight forwarding and customs clearance service provider. Using a descriptive research design and census-based primary data collection from all 55 employees across Operations, Documentation, Import, Export, Accounts, and Warehouse departments, the study captures first-hand insights into the entire customs clearance lifecycle. A structured questionnaire administered via Google Forms served as the data collection instrument, and statistical tools including percentage analysis, descriptive statistics, Cronbach's Alpha reliability analysis, and one Way ANOVA were applied using IBM SPSS. The findings reveal that documentation accuracy, inter-departmental communication, technology adoption through platforms such as ICEGATE, and coordination between CHA staff and customs authorities are the principal determinants of clearance efficiency. Key challenges identified include documentation errors, inspection delays, and coordination gaps. The study recommends investment in digital documentation management systems, centralized communication platforms, structured training programs, and standardized operating procedures to strengthen customs clearance performance. These findings contribute to the limited body of organization-specific CHA research in the Indian logistics context and provide actionable strategies for improving operational efficiency in freight forwarding environments.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Customs House Agent, Import Clearance, Export Clearance, ICEGATE, Freight Forwarding, Logistics, Documentation Accuracy, Supply Chain
  topic: keywords
creator: Hamdhan T
creator: Dr. Senthil Kumar R
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
starting page: 184
ending page: 188

Equity Valuation Of A Selected Company TCS Using Multiple Valuation Methods
type: item
description: The subject for this research paper shall be an equity valuation analysis of Tata Consultancy Services Limited, an established company operating within the IT sector in India. In order to evaluate the intrinsic value of TCS, various methods of equity valuation would be used for this company. They include Discounted Cash Flow (DCF), relative valuation and financial ratios analysis. The source for this research would consist of annual reports, financial databases, journal articles among others. Financial ratios evaluated in this research would include net profit margin, return on assets, return on equity, earnings per share, debt-to-equity ratio and price-to-earnings ratio. Based on the findings, Tata Consultancy Services exhibited profitability, liquidity and shareholder benefits over the period of time. DCF Model analysis showed the high intrinsic value of the firm due to stability and consistency of cash flows and its sustainability. The statistical methods involved the use of regression and ANOVA techniques which were done through the use of Microsoft Excel and SPSS software. Summary of Based on the above research results, TCS is a stable company, hence making a suitable investment firm.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Equity Valuation ,Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) ,Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) ,Financial Ratio Analysis ,Intrinsic Value ,Return on Equity (ROE) ,Earnings Per Share (EPS),SPSS,Financial Performance ,Investment Analysis
creator: Mohamed Mahadheer.A
creator: Dr Senthil Kumar R
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
starting page: 178
ending page: 183

Enhancing Customs Clearance Efficiency Through Digital Platform
type: item
description: The study related to efficient customs clearance is highly necessary because it will ensure timely movement of cargos and will lead to reduced operating costs. The study attempts to explore the role of digital transformation in improving efficiency related to customs clearance procedures. In this regard, the study focuses on analyzing the digitization process. This study highlights the use of various digital tools like digital documentation, automated checks, real-time monitoring, and customized customs clearance platforms. The digitization procedure used by the company helps in overcoming some of the problems associated with traditional methods and leads to enhanced efficiencies due to lower involvement of manual efforts and error-free operations. Additionally, the study analyzes the effects of various technologies like data analysis and cloud computing to identify their role in boosting the efficiency level of customs clearance processes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Operation, Customs Platform, Cargo, Clearance, Logistics, Digital Soutions, Documentation.
  topic: keywords
creator: Issac Nimron A
creator: Dr R Senthil Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
starting page: 174
ending page: 177

Analysis Of Customer Adoption of Digital Banking Channels
type: item
description: The rapid growth of digital technology has significantly transformed the banking sector, leading to increased adoption of digital banking channels such as mobile and internet banking. This study explores the factors influencing customer adoption of these platforms, focusing on convenience, ease of use, security perceptions, and technological awareness. With the widespread use of smartphones and internet connectivity, customers are increasingly shifting from traditional banking methods to digital alternatives that offer faster, more accessible, and cost-effective services.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital Banking, Mobile Banking, Internet Banking, Customer Adoption, Security, Customer Awareness, Online Banking, Digital Payment Services, Banking Technology, Customer Satisfaction.
  topic: keywords
creator: M Selva Guru
creator: Dr. R Senthil Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
starting page: 167
ending page: 173

Impact Of Social Media Advertising On Order Volume, Delivery Performance, And Customer Satisfaction
type: item
description: This study explores the effect of social media advertising on order volume, delivery performance, and customer satisfaction at Thrise (RBSorting Hat Private Limited). Businesses today rely on platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Amazon to increase sales and customer engagement. While advertisements improve order volume, they also create operational challenges related to inventory, fulfilment, and logistics. The study used a mixed-method approach during Spring 2026. Primary data was collected from 50 respondents through questionnaires, while secondary data was obtained from Amazon and Meta campaign metrics. Findings reveal that products such as Gluco Balance generated high conversion rates, whereas products like the CPAP Machine resulted in poor performance and unnecessary advertising expenses. Survey results indicate that customers are influenced by attractive advertisements, but delivery speed, tracking accuracy, and service reliability strongly affect customer satisfaction. The study concludes that businesses must balance marketing performance with operational efficiency to achieve sustainable growth and long-term customer satisfaction.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Media Advertising, Order Volume, Delivery Performance, Customer Satisfaction, E-Commerce, Conversion Rate (CVR), ROAS, Fulfilment, Buy Box, Thrise.
  topic: keywords
creator: Kishore. D
creator: Dr. Senthil Kumar R
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
starting page: 161
ending page: 166

Recruitment Strategics In Tech Based System Activities BGV In Zauba Corp
type: item
description: Recruitment processes have become increasingly dependent on technology to improve speed, accuracy, and reliability. This study explores how tools like Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS), Verification Management Systems (VMS), Recruitment CRM, and Document Verification Systems are used to make hiring more efficient. The research is based on 250 recruitment records collected from over a three-month period from January to March 2026 . Using statistical techniques such as percentage analysis and ANOVA, the study evaluates patterns in hiring across different job roles. The results show that there is no significant difference in recruitment distribution among categories, suggesting that hiring demand is fairly balanced.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Recruitment Analytics ,Talent Acquisition Applicant Tracking System (ATS) ,Vendor Management System(VMS),Recruitment CRM, Background Verification (BGV) ,Compliance Management System ,Human Resource Analytics
creator: Sathya Pradan N
creator: Dr R Senthil Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
starting page: 156
ending page: 160

An Assessing The Performance Of Companies Using F-Score And Z-Score With Artificial Neural Networks
type: item
description: This research examines how to assess financial performance of a corporation holistically by integrating the use of both the Piotroski F-Score and Altman Z-Score with an ANN (Artificial Neural Network) analytical method. It looks at 15 firms in the Nifty Auto Index over the timeframe of 2021 to 2025 through the application of several statistical techniques using secondary data: descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, one-way ANOVA, trend analysis and ANN modeling. Key findings show that (1) financial performance, as measured by the F-Score, is very variable year to year, while measured using the Z-Score, financial stability is stable over time; therefore, (2) a weak relationship exists between the two F-Scores due to disparate influencing factors for financial performance and financial stability. The ANN model does not strongly associate financial performance with financial risk. Overall, the research will allow investors/credit rating agencies/financial analysts with investment interests in this sector located within India, to more readily assess the health of their investments within a dynamic environment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Piotroski F-Score, Altman Z-Score, Artificial Neural Network, Financial Performance, Financial Distress, Automobile Sector, Nifty Auto Index.
  topic: keywords
creator: Arivazhagan E
creator: Dr. Senthil Kumar R
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
starting page: 148
ending page: 155

A Comparative Study Of Air And Sea Freight From Chennai To Hamburg Based On Cost, Transit Time, And Seasonal Demand
type: item
description: Freight transportation plays a vital role in global trade by enabling the smooth movement of goods between countries. One of the key challenges faced by businesses is selecting the most suitable mode of transport that balances cost, transit time, and reliability. This study focuses on a comparative analysis of air freight and sea freight between Chennai and Hamburg, with special reference to Orbis Enterprises. The research adopts a quantitative approach, where primary data was collected from 52 employees using structured questionnaires. Secondary data was gathered from journals, books, and industry reports to support the study. Various statistical tools such as percentage analysis, descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, and ANOVA were used to analyse the data effectively. The findings reveal that cost is the most important factor influencing transport decisions, leading to a strong preference for sea freight under normal conditions. However, when shipments are urgent or time-sensitive, businesses shift to air freight despite its higher cost due to its speed and reliability. Seasonal demand also plays a significant role by affecting freight rates, cargo space availability, and transport planning. The study concludes that both air and sea freight have their own advantages and limitations. Therefore, businesses must carefully evaluate their requirements and adopt a balanced approach when selecting transport modes. Even small improvements in decision-making can enhance operational efficiency, reduce costs, and improve overall customer satisfaction. These insights can help logistics companies improve planning accuracy strengthen coordination reduce delays manage risk better and achieve more consistent performance in international trade operations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Air Freight, Sea Freight, Freight Forwarding, Logistics, Cost Efficiency, Transit Time, Seasonal Demand, Supply Chain
  topic: keywords
creator: Kishore Kumar J
creator: Dr. Senthil Kumar R
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
starting page: 144
ending page: 147

Reducing Operational Delays By 5 Percentage In Shipping Agencies Through Optimized Warehouse And Cargo Handling
type: item
description: Shipping agencies are an essential part of global trade, acting as a bridge between shipping lines, ports, and customers. However, one of the biggest challenges they face today is operational delay, which affects efficiency, cost, and customer satisfaction. This study focuses on reducing operational delays by 5% through better warehouse management and improved cargo handling practices, with special reference to A.S. Shipping Agencies Pvt. Ltd., Chennai. The research is based on a quantitative approach, where primary data was collected from 100 employees using structured questionnaires. Secondary data was gathered from journals, books, and company records to support the study. Various statistical tools such as percentage analysis, descriptive statistics, and ranking methods were used to analyse the data. The findings show that delays are mainly caused by poor warehouse layout, lack of proper coordination, equipment issues, and gaps in communication. While many employees agreed that safety measures and technology systems are in place, there are still inconsistencies in training, SOP implementation, and teamwork across departments. The study suggests that improving warehouse layout, standardizing cargo handling processes, and using technologies like WMS, RFID, and GPS tracking can help reduce delays effectively. Even a small 5% reduction can make a big difference by improving turnaround time, reducing costs, and increasing reliability. Overall, the study provides practical solutions that can help shipping agencies improve their efficiency and stay competitive in the growing logistics industry.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Shipping Agencies, Operational Delays, Warehouse Management, Cargo Handling, Logistics Efficiency, Supply Chain, Technology Integration
  topic: keywords
creator: Sabik Raja
creator: S, Dr. Senthil Kumar R
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
starting page: 140
ending page: 143

In Power Bi Production And Control Utilising By Dashboard
type: item
description: Manufacturing production and control involves persistent challenges—data mismatches, delays, and coordination gaps. This study investigates how Microsoft Power BI dashboards can bring clarity by providing live data, centralized visuals, and real-time resource monitoring of machines, materials, and workers. Managers can identify bottlenecks early and make consistent decisions without sifting through multiple reports. While dashboards do not eliminate all errors, they significantly reduce reporting delays and improve overall operational control.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Power BI, Production Planning, Control Dashboard, Manufacturing, Data-Driven Decision Making, Real-Time Monitoring, Operational Efficiency, Chi-Square Analysis.
  topic: keywords
creator: Vishnu.V
creator: Dr. Senthil Kumar R
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
starting page: 136
ending page: 139

Transit Time And Cost Control In International Freight Forwarding
type: item
description: The logistics and freight forwarding industry are hugely important to helping transportation of goods take place on an international level. There are many things that have an influence over how long freight forwarding operations take and cost. This research paper is examining how actual industry conditions relate to these variables. In a very competitive environment, there is huge competition between companies to try to find the right balance of time and cost when getting goods moved as quickly as possible, while keeping transportation costs low. This research paper will utilize a descriptive method for analysis purposes. The primary data for this study will come from 60 individuals currently employed in freight forwarding/logistics companies. In addition, some secondary data was also utilized in order to create this research paper. This secondary data came from industry books, journals, and industry related reports. The statistical tools utilized to assess the data included chi-square tests, descriptive statistics, correlations, and percentage analyse. The study reveals that long transit times cause significant issues with operational performance related directly to customer satisfaction. The transportation delays are affected by many issues within the supply chain including port congestion, customs clearance, document delays, and mode selection. Additionally, transit time was found to be a strong indicator of cost when combined; for example, an item shipped quickly will almost always cost more than an item shipped slowly. Most of the delays could be traced to poor planning and lack of communication between the supplier and shipper. In conclusion, logistics performance could be improved significantly through effective planning, coordination, and use of digital technology (e.g., tracking systems). By improving their practices, freight forwarders will be able to decrease delays, better manage expense, and improve overall efficiency within their supply chain.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Transit Time
  topic: keywords
subject: Freight Forwarding
  topic: keywords
subject: Logistics
  topic: keywords
subject: Cost Control
  topic: keywords
subject: Supply Chain
  topic: keywords
subject: Transportation
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Tools
  topic: keywords
subject: Coordination
  topic: keywords
creator: Anusuya R
creator: Dr. R Senthil Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
starting page: 132
ending page: 135

A Study On Lead-To-Booking Funnel Analysis And The Impact Of Follow-Up Frequency On Sales Conversion At Sree Kumar Infrastructure
type: item
description: Buying a home is one of the biggest financial decisions most people make, and the path from a casual inquiry to an actual booking is rarely straightforward. This study looks at what happens along that path at Sree Kumar Infrastructure, a Chennai-based residential developer, with a particular focus on whether the frequency, speed, and channel of sales follow-up contacts make a measurable difference to conversion outcomes. Drawing on the AIDA model and the seven-touch principle from marketing theory, the research surveyed 150 individuals who interacted with the company’s sales team during 2023–2025 using a structured Likert-scale questionnaire. The data were analyzed through frequency distributions, Chi-Square tests, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression using IBM SPSS. Most respondents viewed follow-up practices favorably — around 75–80 percent agreed that persistent, timely, multi-channel outreach kept them engaged and built trust. Yet the statistical tests told a different story: none of the three follow-up variables showed a significant linear relationship with conversion (all p > 0.05), and the regression model explained just 1.3 percent of variance (R² = 0.013, p = 0.588). The only significant demographic association was age group (p = 0.030). The conclusion is that while good follow-up is necessary for maintaining prospect engagement, actual booking decisions are shaped by a wider set of forces — pricing, location, family readiness, market conditions — that sit beyond the reach of follow-up alone.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Lead-to-Booking Funnel
  topic: keywords
subject: Follow-Up Frequency
  topic: keywords
subject: Sales Conversion
  topic: keywords
subject: Real Estate
  topic: keywords
subject: Timeliness
  topic: keywords
subject: Multi-Channel Engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: Chi-Square
  topic: keywords
subject: Regression
  topic: keywords
subject: Sree Kumar Infrastructure
  topic: keywords
creator: Shelton Antony P
creator: Dr R Senthil Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
starting page: 127
ending page: 131

Influence Job Demands, Job Resources, Workplace Health And Wellness On Satisfaction With Life Of Employees Working In Select It Companies
type: item
description: This study examines the influence of job demands, job resources, and workplace health and wellness on life satisfaction among employees in select IT firms in Coimbatore. Adopting a descriptive research design, primary data were collected from 570 employees using a structured questionnaire, supported by relevant secondary sources. Statistical tools such as percentage analysis, correlation, regression, collinearity diagnostics, and Garrett ranking were employed to analyze the data. The findings reveal that all three factors have a positive and significant impact on life satisfaction, with job demands emerging as the strongest predictor, followed by job resources and workplace health and wellness. The results also indicate that employees generally report high levels of life satisfaction and prefer tangible, experience-based rewards over symbolic recognition. Overall, the study highlights the importance of balancing job demands with adequate resources, promoting workplace well-being, and implementing effective reward systems to enhance employees’ overall satisfaction and organizational effectiveness.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: IT Employees, Job Demands, Resources, Health, Wellbeing, Life Satisfaction, etc.
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohana G
creator: Dr K P Balakrishnan
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-06-28
publication date: 2024-06-28
starting page: 496
ending page: 503

Exploring Student Wellness And Intervention Programs: A Preliminary Assessment In A Hong Kong Secondary School
type: item
description: Adolescent mental health has emerged as a pressing public health priority in Hong Kong, where academic competitiveness and post-pandemic adjustment have intensified psychological distress among secondary students. This preliminary assessment explored the perceived wellness status of secondary students and their engagement with school-based intervention programs in a Hong Kong secondary school. The study aimed to: (i) measure baseline levels of stress, depressive symptoms, and resilience, and (ii) examine students' awareness, participation, and perceived effectiveness of available wellness intervention programs. A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted with 220 students from Forms 1–6 selected through stratified random sampling. Validated tools including the CES-D, DASS-21, and Resilience Scale-14 were used alongside a structured wellness-program questionnaire. Hypothesis: students participating in school-based intervention programs report better wellness indicators than non-participants. Results showed that 38.6% of students exhibited depressive symptoms, while participants of structured wellness programs reported significantly higher resilience and lower stress (p<0.05). The discussion situates findings within Hong Kong's three-tier mental health policy and suggests strengthening universal-level promotion. The study concludes that whole-school, multi-tiered wellness frameworks are essential for sustaining adolescent psychological well-being in academically demanding contexts
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Student wellness, school-based intervention, adolescent mental health, Hong Kong secondary school, resilience
  topic: keywords
creator: See Yan Wong
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-30
publication date: 2024-12-30
starting page: 118
ending page: 126

Comparative Study Of The Design Of A Pre-Engineered Building Having Multiple Cranes With And Without Laced Columns
type: item
description: Pre-Engineered Buildings (PEBs) are widely used in modern industrial construction due to their advantages in terms of faster construction, reduced material usage, and overall economy. These structures are designed using standardized components and are highly efficient for large-span buildings. In industries where heavy crane systems are involved, structural performance and stability become critical design considerations. Therefore, selecting an appropriate column system is essential to ensure safety, serviceability, and cost-effectiveness of the structure.In the present study, a comparative analysis is carried out for a PEB structure. The structure is modeled and analyzed using STAAD.Pro software in accordance with IS 800:2007 provisions. Two configurations are considered: one with conventional rigid columns and the other with laced columns. Various parameters such as bending moment distribution, horizontal displacement, vertical deflection, utilization ratio, steel consumption, and overall project cost are evaluated to assess structural performance.The primary objective of this study is to address the need for an economical and efficient structural system for crane-supported industrial buildings. Conventional rigid frames often lead to higher steel consumption and increased cost, especially for large spans and heavy crane loads. Hence, this study investigates whether the use of laced columns can improve load distribution, reduce material usage, and enhance structural efficiency while satisfying all serviceability and safety requirements as per code provisions.The results of the study indicate that the laced column system offers significant advantages over the conventional frame. The steel consumption is reduced from 11,584 kg to 10,530 kg, resulting in a saving of 9.09%. The horizontal displacement decreases from 99.86 mm to 56.499 mm, showing an improvement of 43.36% in lateral stability, while vertical deflection remains within permissible limits. The utilization…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pre-Engineered Buildings, Laced Columns, Crane Load Structures, Structural Efficiency, Cost Optimization.
  topic: keywords
creator: Husna Mohammadi
creator: Dr. Faria Aseem
creator: Dr. Mohd Zaker
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-04-25
publication date: 2026-04-25
starting page: 117
ending page: 126

Drug Inventory and Supply Chain Tracking
type: item
description: Drug Inventory and Supply Chain Management is a crucial aspect of the pharmaceutical industry that ensures the efficient tracking, storage, and distribution of medicines. This project aims to develop a web-based application using Python, Django, and SQLite/MySQL to streamline the management of drug inventory from manufacturers to pharmacists. The proposed system provides a centralized plat form for tracking medicine stock, managing orders, and enhancing supply chain visibility. The platform allows different stakeholders, including administrators, manufacturers, distributors, suppliers, and pharmacists, to efficiently manage their respective roles. By integrating QR code-based tracking and automated order pro cessing, the system improves accuracy, reduces wastage, and prevents stock short ages.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Blockchain-Inspired Architecture, SHA-256 Hashing, Order IntegrityAtomic Transactions (Django).
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Kamel Ali Khan Siddiqui
creator: Mr. Syed Danish Shakeel ,Anas Muhammed Mansoor Ali , Syed Khaja Nizamuddin4. Abdul Raheem
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-04-20
publication date: 2026-04-20
starting page: 109
ending page: 116

An Empirical Study On The Impact Of Gst On Logistics Management In Tirupur
type: item
description: This study presents an empirical analysis of the impact of Goods and Services Tax (GST) on logistics management in Tirupur, one of India’s leading textile and export hubs. The introduction of GST in 2017 marked a major transformation in India’s indirect tax structure by replacing multiple taxes with a unified system, thereby significantly influencing logistics and supply chain operations. The study aims to examine how GST has affected transportation efficiency, warehouse decisions, distribution performance, and overall operational efficiency in the logistics sector. Primary data was collected from 120 respondents including logistics managers, transport operators, warehouse supervisors, and business owners using a structured questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using statistical tools such as percentage analysis, chi-square test, correlation, regression, and ANOVA to ensure a comprehensive analytical approach. The findings reveal that GST has significantly reduced transit time, eliminated interstate barriers, improved warehouse consolidation decisions, and enhanced operational efficiency. The results also indicate that GST awareness plays a crucial role in shaping perceptions regarding tax simplification and logistics performance. Although initial challenges such as compliance complexity and digital adaptation were observed, the long-term benefits of GST outweigh these difficulties. The study concludes that GST has positively transformed logistics management practices in Tirupur by improving efficiency, reducing costs, and strengthening supply chain coordination. DOI: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/04.2026-86232283
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: GST, Logistics Management, Tirupur, Warehouse, Transportation, ANOVA, Correlation, Regression
  topic: keywords
creator: Mrs. K Tamilarasi
creator: Ranjith Kumar R
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-04-20
publication date: 2026-04-20
starting page: 97
ending page: 108

Evaluating Repayment Rates And Sustainability Of The Microfinance Model In Empowering Women Entrepreneurs
type: item
description: This study focuses on evaluating repayment rates and the sustainability of the microfinance model in empowering women entrepreneurs. Microfinance has emerged as a key tool for financial inclusion by providing small loans and financial services to women who lack access to formal banking systems. The study examines how effectively women entrepreneurs utilize microfinance loans and their ability to repay them regularly. The research also analyzes the relationship between repayment behaviour and the sustainability of microfinance institutions (MFIs). A high repayment rate is often considered an indicator of success; however, this study highlights that repayment alone does not always reflect true economic empowerment. Factors such as income stability, business performance, financial literacy, and social conditions significantly influence repayment patterns.Using both descriptive and analytical methods, the study finds that while microfinance contributes to increased income and financial independence, many women still face challenges in repayment due to irregular income and financial constraints. The study concludes that for microfinance to be truly effective, it must balance financial sustainability with genuine empowerment by providing not only credit but also training, support, and flexible repayment systems. DOI: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/04.2026-69739587
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Microfinanc, Women Entrepreneurs, Repayment Behaviour, Financial Sustainability, Financial Inclusion, Self-Help Groups (SHGs), Women Empowerment, Income Generation, Loan Utilization, Financial Literacy
creator: Mrs. K Tamilarasi
creator: Mrs. Shalini R
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-04-20
publication date: 2026-04-20
starting page: 86
ending page: 96