INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AND REVIEW
Green Packaging and Its Influence on Sustainable Consumer Decision-Making: An Empirical Study of Consumers in Udaipur, Rajasthan
Environmental sustainability has emerged as a critical concern for consumers, businesses, and policymakers across the globe. Green packaging has become an important strategy adopted by organizations to reduce environmental degradation and promote sustainable consumption patterns. The present study examines the influence of green packaging on sustainable consumer decision-making among consumers in Udaipur, Rajasthan. A quantitative research design was employed, and primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 293 consumers. The study investigated consumer awareness of green packaging, perceptions regarding environmentally friendly packaging attributes, and the impact of these factors on purchasing decisions. Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, chi-square tests, and regression analysis were used for data interpretation. The findings reveal that consumers possess a moderate to high level of awareness regarding green packaging and demonstrate a positive preference for environmentally sustainable products. The results further indicate a significant positive relationship between green packaging awareness, environmental concern, and sustainable consumer decision-making. The study concludes that green packaging serves as an influential determinant of consumer purchasing behaviour and can contribute significantly to sustainable consumption practices. The findings provide useful implications for marketers, manufacturers, and policymakers seeking to promote environmentally responsible consumption.
An Analytical Study Of Consumer Buying Behaviour And Its Impact On Sales Growth
This study examines the relationship between consumer buying behaviour and sales growth in retail establishments across Kichha, Udham Singh Nagar district. The research employs a mixed-methods approach with a sample of 350 consumers and 85 retail outlets to identify key behavioural patterns influencing purchase decisions. The hypothesis proposes that consumer buying behaviour dimensions including product awareness, brand preference, purchase frequency, and pricing sensitivity significantly predict sales growth. Utilising structural equation modelling and regression analysis, results indicate that brand loyalty (β=0.482, p<0.001) and perceived value (β=0.391, p<0.001) are primary predictors of sales increase. The discussion contextualises findings within Indian retail dynamics, where traditional retail still dominates 67% of market share. Conclusions suggest retailers must focus on customer relationship management and value-based pricing strategies to enhance sales performance in tier-2 cities. This research provides actionable insights for retail managers and contributes to understanding consumer behaviour in emerging Indian markets.
Impact Of Strategic Financial Planning On Business Growth And Financial Stability: Evidence From Kichha, Udham Singh Nagar
Strategic financial planning (SFP) is increasingly viewed as a decisive capability that determines whether micro and small enterprises survive, stabilise, and scale. This study examines how SFP practices budgeting, cash-flow forecasting, capital budgeting, and financial record-keeping influence business growth and financial stability among enterprises operating in Kichha, an industrial tehsil of Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. Using a descriptive crosssectional design, primary data were gathered from 120 enterprise owners and managers through a structured fivepoint Likert questionnaire, supported by verified secondary data on the district's MSME base. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression were applied using SPSS. Findings reveal that SFP is moderately-tostrongly adopted and is significantly and positively associated with both growth (r = 0.62) and stability (r = 0.58). Regression results show SFP dimensions jointly explain 51% of the variance in business growth, with cash-flow forecasting and budgeting emerging as the strongest predictors. The study concludes that disciplined, forward-looking financial planning is a practical lever for enterprise resilience in semi-urban industrial clusters and recommends targeted financial-capability support for local enterprises.
Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Franklin Venture Capital: An Analysis of Investment Approaches and Outcomes
Venture capital (VC) plays an essential role in financing innovation, accelerating startup growth, and creating long-term economic value. This paper examines the investment approaches and outcomes associated with Franklin Venture Capital (Franklin Venture Partners under Franklin Templeton). The study explores the firm’s investment philosophy, sector preferences, portfolio strategy, lifecycle investment model, and value-creation mechanisms. Using secondary data and institutional reports, the research evaluates how investment concentration, sector specialization, and long-term capital deployment influence portfolio performance. The findings suggest that Franklin’s approach emphasizes selective investment, strategic partnerships, and lifecycle support for high-growth private companies. The study concludes that disciplined investment selection and long-term engagement may strengthen venture outcomes while maintaining exposure to emerging innovation opportunities.
Franklin Venture Partners; Growth Equity; Innovation Finance; Lifecycle Investment; Investment Strategy; Portfolio Performance; Private Equity; Startup Financing; Venture Outcomes, Venture Capital.
Mohd Abrar, Mohd Mubbasir Ahmed, Mohd Mubeen
Environmental Scanning As A Strategic Driver Of Competitiveness In Commercial Banks In Burundi
This study examines environmental scanning as a strategic driver of competitiveness in commercial banks in Burundi. In a rapidly changing financial environment characterized by technological advancement, regulatory reforms, and increasing customer expectations, commercial banks must continuously monitor and interpret external and internal environmental factors to remain competitive. The study investigates how environmental scanning practices influence the competitiveness of banks through improved strategic responsiveness, innovation, and decision-making. Using a quantitative approach based on survey data from commercial banks in Burundi, the findings reveal a positive and significant relationship between environmental scanning and bank competitiveness. The results indicate that banks that actively engage in systematic environmental analysis are more likely to achieve stronger market positioning and operational performance. The study concludes that environmental scanning is a critical strategic capability for enhancing competitiveness in the Burundian banking sector. It recommends that bank managers strengthen environmental intelligence systems and integrate scanning activities into strategic planning processes.
Environmental scanning; Bank competitiveness; Commercial banks; Strategic management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Beyond Technical Competence: The Strategic Role of Soft Skills In Enhancing Employee Performance And Career Success
Background: The contemporary workplace is undergoing a fundamental transformation where technical expertise, while necessary, no longer guarantees sustained career advancement or organizational impact. As automation and artificial intelligence increasingly handle routine technical tasks, uniquely human capabilities—emotional intelligence, communication, adaptability, and collaborative problem-solving—have emerged as critical differentiators in employee performance and career trajectories. In India's rapidly evolving corporate landscape, particularly the competitive Delhi NCR business hub, organizations recognize that soft skills constitute not merely supplementary attributes but strategic imperatives for operational excellence and leadership development. Objective: This study empirically investigates the relationship between specific soft skill competencies—emotional intelligence, communication effectiveness, teamwork, adaptability, and conflict resolution—and their impact on employee performance outcomes and career success metrics including promotion velocity, leadership potential assessment, and job satisfaction among corporate professionals in the Delhi National Capital Region. Methodology: A cross-sectional sequential mixed-methods study was conducted. The quantitative phase involved a structured survey administered to a purposive sample of 487 corporate employees across IT, banking, consulting, and manufacturing sectors in Delhi NCR, measuring soft skill proficiency, technical competence, performance ratings, and career progression using validated Likert scales. The qualitative phase comprised 25 semi-structured interviews with HR directors, team leaders, and mid-career professionals. Data analysis integrated hierarchical regression, moderation analysis, and thematic analysis. Key Findings: Soft skill competency explains unique variance in employee performance (ΔR² = 0.187, p < 0.001) beyond technical qualifications. Emotional intelligence emerged as the strongest predictor of leadership potential (β = 0.453), while communication effectiveness most strongly predicted promotion velocity (β = 0.398). Critically, the relationship between technical competence and career success is significantly moderated by soft skill proficiency—high performers with strong soft skills advance 2.3 times faster than technically equivalent peers with lower soft skill ratings. Qualitative data revealed that soft skills function as "career catalysts" that transform technical potential into organizational impact through networking effectiveness and conflict navigation. Implications: The study provides strategic insights for HR professionals and corporate leaders, underscoring the necessity of integrating soft skill assessment into recruitment, designing experiential training programs that develop emotional and social competencies, and recognizing soft skills as legitimate criteria for promotion decisions. Organizations that systematically cultivate these capabilities gain sustainable competitive advantage through enhanced employee engagement, reduced turnover, and strengthened leadership pipelines.
Soft Skills, Employee Performance, Career Success, Emotional Intelligence, Workplace Competencies, Delhi NCR, Human Resource Development.
Strategic Role of Balanced Scorecard in Human Resource Management
The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) has emerged as an important strategic management tool that helps organizations align business activities with their vision, mission, and long-term objectives. In the field of Human Resource Management (HRM), the Balanced Scorecard supports organizations in measuring and improving employee performance, organizational learning, workforce productivity, and strategic alignment. This paper critically examines the strategic role of the Balanced Scorecard in HRM by analyzing its contribution to performance evaluation, employee development, organizational effectiveness, and strategic decision-making. The study emphasizes the integration of both financial and non-financial performance indicators within HR systems and explores how organizations use BSC frameworks to achieve competitive advantage and sustainable growth. The paper also discusses implementation challenges and provides recommendations for improving HR effectiveness through Balanced Scorecard methodologies. Introduced by Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton, the Balanced Scorecard transformed traditional performance measurement systems by incorporating multiple dimensions of organizational performance. In modern HRM, the framework has gained increasing importance because intangible assets such as employee skills, knowledge, innovation, motivation, and organizational culture play a significant role in determining organizational success.
Balanced Scorecard, Human Resource Management, Strategic HRM, Performance Management, Employee Performance, Organizational Effectiveness, HR Metrics, Strategic Alignment, Learning and Growth Perspective, Human Capital Management.
Amreen Begum, Huma Siddiqua, Khaji Humaira Ameena, Mahek Taranum
Women entrepreneurship has emerged as a significant contributor to economic growth, social development, employment generation, and innovation across the world. In India, women entrepreneurs are increasingly participating in diverse sectors such as manufacturing, services, information technology, education, healthcare, retail, agriculture, tourism, and digital businesses. Empowering women entrepreneurship not only promotes gender equality but also enhances economic productivity, financial inclusion, employment creation, and inclusive development. Women-led enterprises play an important role in strengthening local economies, encouraging innovation, and creating sustainable livelihood opportunities. This paper examines the importance of women entrepreneurship, the various factors influencing women entrepreneurs, the challenges faced by them, government initiatives, and future prospects for women-led enterprises. The study also highlights the role of education, financial support, digital technology, policy reforms, entrepreneurial training, and institutional support in strengthening women entrepreneurship in India. In addition, the paper emphasizes the growing importance of digital platforms, startup culture, and financial empowerment in expanding opportunities for women entrepreneurs. The study concludes that empowering women entrepreneurs is essential for sustainable economic growth, social transformation, poverty reduction, and overall national development.
Women Entrepreneurship, Women Empowerment, Economic Development, Gender Equality, Startups, Financial Inclusion, Skill Development, Digital Entrepreneurship, Women-led Enterprises, Self-Employment.
Mohammed Ibrahim Shareef, Mohammad Muneeb Ur Rahman, Sumayya Khan, Syed Ayesha Begum
A Financial Performance and Forecasting Analysis of UltraTech Cement Limited: A Study of Profitability, Cash Flow, and Future Prospects
The Indian cement industry plays a significant role in infrastructure development and economic growth. Among the leading players in this sector, UltraTech Cement Limited has established itself as the largest cement manufacturer in India and one of the major global producers. This study examines the financial performance and forecasting analysis of UltraTech Cement Limited with special reference to profitability, liquidity, cash flow management, and future growth prospects. The study evaluates the company’s financial position using ratio analysis, trend analysis, and cash flow analysis. It also explores future opportunities and challenges affecting the company’s growth. The findings reveal that UltraTech Cement has demonstrated strong operational efficiency, stable profitability, and significant expansion potential due to increasing infrastructure demand and government investments in construction activities. However, challenges such as rising input costs, environmental regulations, and market competition may influence future profitability.
Financial Performance, Forecasting Analysis, Profitability, Cash Flow, Cement Industry, UltraTech Cement, Liquidity, Ratio Analysis, Infrastructure Development, Financial Forecasting.
Syed Faiyaz, Waseem Khan, Zakriya Ali Siddique
Examining the Role of Foreign Direct and Institutional Investment in India’s Growth and Development
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Institutional Investment (FII) have emerged as significant drivers of economic growth and development in emerging economies like India. Liberalization policies introduced in 1991 transformed India into an attractive destination for foreign capital inflows. FDI contributes to long-term economic development by promoting industrial growth, employment generation, technological advancement, and infrastructure development. Conversely, FII enhances liquidity and efficiency in financial markets by increasing investment in equity and debt instruments. This paper examines the role of FDI and FII in India’s economic growth and development, analyzes their impact on various sectors, and evaluates the challenges associated with foreign investments. The study concludes that both FDI and FII have significantly contributed to India’s GDP growth, capital formation, industrial productivity, and global competitiveness, although excessive dependence on volatile portfolio investments may create financial instability.
Foreign Direct Investment, Foreign Institutional Investment, Economic Growth, Liberalization, Capital Inflows, Indian Economy, Financial Markets, Development, Globalization, GDP Growth.
Nazia Banu, Preethi Thakur, Saniya Begum
A Critical Analysis of GST Compliance and Input Tax Credit Misstatements
The implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India marked a significant reform in the country’s indirect taxation system by subsuming multiple taxes into a unified framework. One of the most crucial components of GST is the Input Tax Credit (ITC) mechanism, which eliminates cascading taxation and promotes transparency. However, increasing instances of ITC misstatements, fake invoicing, non-compliance, and fraudulent claims have emerged as major challenges for tax authorities and businesses alike. This paper critically examines GST compliance practices and analyzes the causes, consequences, and legal implications of Input Tax Credit misstatements in India. The study also evaluates technological, legal, and administrative measures adopted by the government to strengthen compliance and reduce tax evasion. The paper concludes with recommendations for improving GST governance through digital auditing, AI-based monitoring systems, and stronger taxpayer awareness initiatives. The Indian GST framework introduced in 2017 aimed to create a transparent and destination-based indirect tax system. However, reports from the Government of India indicate substantial revenue leakages due to fake ITC claims and invoice manipulation, making compliance monitoring a key policy concern.
Goods and Services Tax (GST), Input Tax Credit (ITC), cascading taxation, Input Tax Credit, digital auditing, AI-based monitoring systems, Indian GST framework.
Hajira Fatima, Misba Fatima, Sumeera Khanam
A Comprehensive Study on Cash Management Practices and Prospects in India Infoline Stock Broking Ltd.
Cash management is a critical component of financial management that ensures efficient utilization of funds, liquidity maintenance, and operational sustainability in financial service organizations. In the stock broking industry, effective cash management practices are essential for maintaining investor confidence, ensuring regulatory compliance, and supporting uninterrupted trading activities. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the cash management practices and future prospects of India Infoline (IIFL) Stock Broking Ltd., one of India’s leading financial service providers. The study examines the company’s methods of liquidity management, fund allocation, client account management, technological integration, risk management systems, and compliance mechanisms. The paper also evaluates the challenges faced by stock broking firms in the dynamic financial market environment and explores future opportunities driven by digital transformation, fintech innovations, and regulatory reforms. The study concludes that efficient cash management significantly contributes to operational efficiency, customer satisfaction, and long-term profitability in stock broking businesses.
Cash Management, Stock Broking, Liquidity Management, Financial Services, India Infoline, Working Capital, Investment Management, Fintech, Risk Management, Digital Trading
Evaluating Inventory Management Efficiency in Hyundai Motor India Limited: A Strategic Approach to Cost Optimization and Stock Classification
Inventory management plays a vital role in the operational and financial success of manufacturing organizations, particularly in the automobile industry where supply chain complexity, production continuity, and demand variability significantly influence profitability. This paper evaluates the inventory management efficiency of Hyundai Motor India Limited (HMIL) by analyzing its strategic inventory practices, stock classification methods, and cost optimization mechanisms. The study explores the role of Just-in-Time (JIT) systems, ERP integration, vendor-managed inventory, ABC analysis, and lean manufacturing approaches in improving inventory turnover and minimizing carrying costs. Secondary data from annual reports, academic studies, and industry publications have been used to assess operational efficiency and strategic performance. The findings indicate that Hyundai’s localized supplier ecosystem, digital inventory tracking, and lean logistics framework contribute significantly to inventory reduction, improved cash conversion cycles, and operational agility. The paper concludes with recommendations for enhancing inventory forecasting through AI-driven analytics and multi-echelon inventory optimization. Inventory efficiency has become a strategic differentiator in the global automobile industry due to rising raw material costs, fluctuating consumer demand, and increasing competition. Hyundai Motor India Limited has emerged as one of India’s leading passenger vehicle manufacturers through its focus on lean operations, supply chain localization, and technology-enabled inventory control. Recent studies highlight that HMIL maintains strong inventory turnover and reduced inventory holding periods through Just-in-Time procurement and ERP-enabled coordination systems.
Inventory Management, Operational and Financial success, Hyundai Motor India Limited (HMIL), Justin- Time (JIT) systems, ERP integration, Inventory efficiency, global automobile industry.
Shaik Mohammad Shadaab, Shaik Nawaz, Sk Kareemulla
A Comprehensive Study on Mutual Funds: Investment Choices, Risk Factors, and Industry Issues in India
Mutual funds have emerged as one of the most preferred investment avenues in India due to professional fund management, diversification benefits, liquidity, and systematic investment opportunities. The Indian mutual fund industry has experienced rapid growth over the past decade, supported by financial inclusion, digitalization, rising investor awareness, and regulatory reforms by the Securities and Exchange Board of India and Association of Mutual Funds in India. This paper presents a comprehensive study of mutual funds in India by examining investment choices, risk factors, performance evaluation, and major industry issues. The study also analyzes the impact of market volatility, investor behavior, regulatory concerns, and technological developments on the mutual fund industry. Recent literature and market developments reveal that while mutual funds provide long-term wealth creation opportunities, investors must carefully evaluate risk-adjusted returns, liquidity concerns, and sectoral exposure before making investment decisions. The paper concludes that the future growth of the Indian mutual fund industry depends on investor education, technological innovation, regulatory transparency, and efficient risk management practices.
Mutual Funds, Investment Choices, Risk Factors, SIP, NAV, Portfolio Diversification, Indian Mutual Fund Industry, Financial Markets, SEBI, Risk Management.
Mirza Mudasir Baig, Mohammod Wakeeuddin, Mohd Abdul Azeem Hadi
A Comparative Analysis of Home Loan Offerings and Disbursement Strategies: A Case Study of HSBC and Its Competitors
The housing finance sector plays a crucial role in the economic development of a nation by enabling individuals to acquire residential properties through structured financing mechanisms. This paper presents a comparative analysis of home loan offerings and disbursement strategies adopted by HSBC India and its major competitors including ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, and State Bank of India. The study evaluates loan interest rates, eligibility criteria, processing procedures, customer service, technological integration, and disbursement timelines. The paper further examines the strategic approaches used by these banks in loan disbursement and customer relationship management. Findings indicate that HSBC emphasizes premium banking services and faster disbursement processes, while competitors such as SBI focus on affordability and HDFC and ICICI prioritize digital efficiency and market penetration. The study highlights the importance of operational efficiency, transparency, and customer-centric strategies in maintaining competitiveness in the Indian housing finance market.
Home Loans, HSBC, ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, SBI, Housing Finance, Loan Disbursement, Banking Strategy, Comparative Analysis.
Abdul Rahman, Abdul Wassay Taj, Arbaz Ahmed Khan
A Sustainable Digital Operations Strategy Framework for Smart Educational Institutions: Integrating IoT and Data Analytics for Process Optimization
The explosion of Internet of Things (IoT) technology and the maturing data analytics platforms have opened many doors to completely reimagine operational ecosystems in schools. The present empirical study provides the design, validation and performance assessment of an SDOS (Sustainable Digital Operations Strategy) Framework specifically designed for smart educational environments. Using a blended mix-methods research approach, primary data was collected from 500 respondents across six categories of educational institutions in the country along with IoT telemetry and operational performance data at 24 participating campuses. The quantitative analysis spanning multiple regression, one-way ANOVA and pre-post comparative testing indicates a statistically significant improvement in several operational domains following the deployment of IoT and analytics, which include a 39.7% increase in energy management efficiency (p < 0.001), a 45.7% increase in attendance tracking accuracy (p < 0.001) and an increase of 59.4% improvement with respect to security response metrics (p < 0.001). Also in a similar fashion, sustainability outcomes were also above their benchmarks; carbon emissions decreased by 22.7%, while digital process coverage reached 83.6% (the institutional target is set to be exceeded at more than 80%). The SDOS Framework is a five-layer interconnected layers: Infrastructure, Data Governance, Analytics Intelligence, Process Automation & Strategic Sustainability provide a repeatable and scalable foundation to institutions at different stages of digital maturity The results reveal that IoT-analytics convergence when built around a cohesive governance framework provides quantifiable process excellence while achieving sustainability imperatives. Findings are discussed in terms of policy implications and suggestions for further research.
Sustainable Digital Operations; IoT in Education; Data Analytics Framework; Smart Educational Institutions; Process Excellence; Digital Transformation; Sustainability Strategy
Copyright (c) 2023 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Effectiveness Of Purchase Order Processing System In Automobile Component Manufacturing: A Study At Sundram Fasteners Limited
Efficient procurement management is a critical determinant of operational performance in manufacturing organizations. This study examines the effectiveness of the Purchase Order Processing System (POPS) implemented at Sundram Fasteners Limited, a flagship enterprise of the TVS Group and a leading manufacturer of automotive components headquartered in Chennai, India. Primary data were collected from 51 respondents across departments including purchasing, finance, inventory, warehouse, and administration using a structured questionnaire with Likert-scale response options. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, employing percentage analysis, correlation analysis, ANOVA, and regression analysis. Findings reveal that 72% of respondents agree or strongly agree that purchase orders reduce procurement errors, while 76% affirm their positive impact on supplier communication. Regression analysis confirms that proper budgeting and supplier communication are the strongest predictors of purchase order system effectiveness, collectively explaining 71.6% of the variance in procurement performance (R² = 0.716, p < 0.001). ANOVA results indicate no significant difference in perceptions across age groups (p = 0.132), suggesting uniform acceptance of the system across employee demographics. The study concludes that a well-structured purchase order system materially improves procurement accuracy, transparency, inventory control, and interdepartmental coordination. Practical recommendations include ERP integration, digital approval workflows, supplier communication platforms, and periodic employee training programmes.
Purchase Order Processing, Procurement Management, Automotive Components, Supplier Communication, ERP Integration, Sundram Fasteners Limited
Impact Of Online Reviews And Ratings On Consumer Trust Towards Food Delivery Apps In Coimbatore District
The proliferation of food delivery applications such as Zomato, Swiggy, and other apps in Tier-II Indian cities has radically transformed consumer purchasing behaviour. In this competitive landscape, online reviews and star ratings have emerged as powerful trust-building mechanisms that significantly influence consumer decisions. This study empirically investigates the impact of online reviews and ratings on consumer trust towards food delivery apps among users in Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India. Anchored in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Information Adoption Model (IAM), and the Signalling Theory, the research employs a structured questionnaire administered to 819 respondents selected via stratified random sampling. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 28 and IBM AMOS 26. The analytical framework includes Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), Pearson Correlation, Multiple Linear Regression, and one-way ANOVA. Key findings reveal that review helpfulness (β = 0.423, p < 0.001), reviewer credibility (β = 0.318, p < 0.001), and aggregate star ratings (β = 0.274, p < 0.001) are the most significant determinants of consumer trust. SEM results confirm adequate model fit (χ²/df = 2.14; CFI = 0.962; TLI = 0.956; RMSEA = 0.047; SRMR = 0.052). The study provides actionable managerial insights for food delivery platform operators seeking to leverage user-generated content as a trust-building tool in Coimbatore's rapidly expanding digital food economy.
Online Reviews, Consumer Trust, Food Delivery Apps, Zomato, Swiggy, eWOM, Structural Equation Modelling, Coimbatore, TAM, Signalling Theory.
प्राकृतिक संसाधनों के संरक्षण में सतत विकास की भूमिका: एक अनुसंधानात्मक अध्ययन
प्राकृतिक संसाधन मानव जीवन एवं आर्थिक विकास का आधार हैं, परंतु बढ़ती जनसंख्या, खनन, औद्योगीकरण तथा वनोन्मूलन ने इनके अस्तित्व को संकट में डाल दिया है। प्रस्तुत अध्ययन का उद्देश्य झारखंड के हजारीबाग जिले में प्राकृतिक संसाधनों के संरक्षण में सतत विकास की भूमिका का मूल्यांकन करना तथा वर्तमान में अपनाई जा रही संरक्षण रणनीतियों की प्रभावशीलता का विश्लेषण करना है। अनुसंधान वर्णनात्मक एवं विश्लेषणात्मक शोध अभिकल्प पर आधारित है, जिसमें द्वैधीय आँकड़े सरकारी प्रकाशनों, भारत वन स्थिति प्रतिवेदन 2021, केंद्रीय भूजल बोर्ड तथा जनगणना 2011 से लिए गए, तथा 240 उत्तरदाताओं से प्राथमिक आँकड़े संरचित प्रश्नावली के माध्यम से एकत्र किए गए। परिकल्पना यह थी कि सतत विकास अभ्यासों एवं प्राकृतिक संसाधन संरक्षण में सकारात्मक सहसंबंध है। काई-वर्ग परीक्षण तथा सहसंबंध विश्लेषण के परिणामों ने इस परिकल्पना की पुष्टि की (r=0.71, p<0.05)। हजारीबाग में वन आवरण निरंतर घट रहा है तथा भूजल स्तर मॉनसून-पूर्व 2022 में लगभग 2 मीटर तक गिरा। अध्ययन यह निष्कर्ष देता है कि समुदाय-आधारित जल संग्रहण, वनरोपण एवं नीतिगत हस्तक्षेप संरक्षण की कुंजी हैं।
सतत विकास, प्राकृतिक संसाधन संरक्षण, हजारीबाग, वन आवरण, भूजल प्रबंधन
लिंग के आधार पर छात्र-शिक्षकों की भावनात्मक परिपक्वता, सामाजिक परिपक्वता एवं नैतिक निर्णय का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन
प्रस्तुत शोध अध्ययन का मुख्य उद्देश्य झारखंड के हजारीबाग जिले में स्थित बी.एड. महाविद्यालयों के छात्र-शिक्षकों की भावनात्मक परिपक्वता, सामाजिक परिपक्वता एवं नैतिक निर्णय का लिंग के आधार पर तुलनात्मक अध्ययन करना था। शोधकर्ता ने इस अध्ययन में वर्णनात्मक सर्वेक्षण विधि का प्रयोग किया तथा यादृच्छिक स्तरीकृत प्रतिचयन तकनीक द्वारा कुल 200 छात्र-शिक्षकों (100 पुरुष व 100 महिला) का चयन किया। आँकड़ों के संकलन हेतु यशवीर सिंह एवं महेश भार्गव द्वारा निर्मित भावनात्मक परिपक्वता मापनी, डॉ. नलिनी राव की सामाजिक परिपक्वता मापनी तथा डॉ. रंजना कुमारी के नैतिक निर्णय परीक्षण का प्रयोग किया गया। आँकड़ों के विश्लेषण हेतु माध्य, मानक विचलन एवं टी-परीक्षण विधि का प्रयोग किया गया। शोध परिणामों से ज्ञात हुआ कि महिला छात्र-शिक्षिकाओं की भावनात्मक एवं सामाजिक परिपक्वता पुरुष छात्र-शिक्षकों की तुलना में सार्थक रूप से उच्च स्तर की पाई गई, तथा नैतिक निर्णय के क्षेत्र में भी दोनों समूहों के बीच सांख्यिकीय रूप से सार्थक अंतर देखा गया। अध्ययन शिक्षक प्रशिक्षण कार्यक्रमों के लिए महत्वपूर्ण निहितार्थ प्रस्तुत करता है।
भावनात्मक परिपक्वता, सामाजिक परिपक्वता, नैतिक निर्णय, छात्र-शिक्षक, लिंग-आधारित तुलना
Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Rise Of The Gig Economy: Implications For Income Stability And Career Development
The gig economy has emerged as a transformative labour market phenomenon, characterised by flexible, short term, and platform-based employment arrangements. While it provides opportunities for income generation and autonomy, concerns regarding income instability and limited career development persist. This study empirically examines these issues using primary data from 500 gig workers across multiple sectors. Statistical techniques including descriptive analysis, correlation, reliability testing, regression modelling, factor analysis, and structural equation modelling (SEM) are employed. The results indicate that although average monthly income is ₹30,388, income variability remains high (mean = 0.46), reflecting unstable earnings patterns. Savings behaviour is weak (mean savings rate = 22%) and not significantly influenced by income or variability. Career related constructs such as job security, skill development, and career growth show poor internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.005), suggesting fragmented career pathways. Regression and SEM results further confirm the absence of strong structural relationships between income stability and career development. The study concludes that the gig economy functions primarily as a flexible income source rather than a sustainable career system. Policy interventions focusing on financial security, skill development, and structured career progression are essential for improving long term outcomes.
Gig economy; Income instability; Career development; Platform-based employment; Savings behaviour; Structural Equation Modelling (SEM); Job security; Earnings variability.
Accounting Education in Papua New Guinea: Advancing Industry Readiness in the Digital Era
The accounting profession in Papua New Guinea is undergoing change driven by globalization, new regulations, and digital technologies such as cloud accounting, artificial intelligence, and blockchain. University programs have started responding to these shifts. But how far has the response gone? This mixed-methods study surveyed 73 accounting students, 13 lecturers, and 17 employers across three PNG universities (UPNG, IBSU, and SCU) to examine the state of accounting education and its alignment with industry needs. Results show that 92% of students rated their subjects as relevant or highly relevant. About 75% confirmed curriculum alignment with job market needs. Software training covered MYOB (48%) and Xero (52%). All lecturers (100%) agreed that digital tools should be integrated into course delivery. Employers assessed 88% of recent graduates as adequately prepared. Areas for further development include broader software exposure, faculty training in digital tools, and stronger university-industry collaboration. All students (100%) completed internships, with 84% rating them as useful. The study confirms that PNG accounting programs provide strong theoretical foundations and identifies opportunities to strengthen digital and practical components for the benefit of graduates and the profession.
Corporate Governance and Ethics in the PNG Banking Industry: Challenges and Opportunities
Banking systems play a central role in the economic development of any nation. Poor corporate governance (CG) within banks has long been identified as one of the major reasons for financial crises. This study examines the corporate governance and ethical practices in the commercial banking sector of Papua New Guinea (PNG), with particular focus on customer perceptions in Port Moresby. Using a mixed-methods approach, primary data were collected from 89 customers through structured surveys and open-ended interviews. The analysis shows that while about 87 per cent of respondents consider CG important or very important, nearly 77 per cent have either nil or limited knowledge of CG concepts in banking. Around 84 per cent of respondents rate ethical standards at their banks as fair or good, and a similar proportion express satisfaction with banking services. The study identifies lack of comprehensive training, regulatory constraints, and insufficient enforcement as the top challenges. It recommends customer awareness programmes, stronger regulatory action by the Bank of Papua New Guinea (BPNG), and further bank-level research. The findings are analysed using Stakeholder Theory as the theoretical lens.
A Study On Ocean Freight Operations And Management With Reference To Greenwich Meridian Logistics India Pvt. Ltd.,
This study examines ocean freight operations and management practices at Greenwich Meridian Logistics India Pvt. Ltd. (GML), one of India’s leading global logistics providers headquartered in Mumbai with operations across major ports including Chennai. The research evaluates how GML plans, executes, and optimizes sea freight services—including FCL, LCL, dry bulk, and multimodal shipments—while maintaining cost efficiency, reliability, and customer satisfaction. Using primary data from employee interactions and company records alongside secondary data from industry reports and academic literature, the study analyzes key operational processes such as cargo handling, documentation, customs clearance, port operations, and container tracking. The findings highlight GML’s structured ocean cargo team, its emphasis on timely customs clearance, and its role as a freight forwarder coordinating between exporters, importers, and transport providers. Challenges identified include port congestion, documentation delays, yard bottlenecks, and exposure to supply chain disruptions, which the company addresses through better planning, relational contracts with carriers, and enhanced visibility tools. The study concludes that effective ocean freight governance, strong forwarder–carrier relationships, and investment in digital visibility are critical for improving operational efficiency and resilience in India’s ocean logistics sector.
ocean freight, ocean shipping, logistics management, freight forwarding, Greenwich Meridian Logistics, supply chain management, FCL, LCL, customs clearance, port operations, containerization, ocean freight visibility, cost optimization, India logistics
Customs procedures are at the heart of international trade, and getting them right can make or break supply chain performance. This study takes a close look at how FTWZ — a Free Trade Warehousing Zone (FTWZ) operator based in Sriperumbudur, Chennai — manages its customs clearance processes in practice. Using a descriptive research design, we surveyed 60 employees across five departments through a 30-question structured questionnaire. The results paint an encouraging but nuanced picture: 76.67% of staff are well-versed in import and export documentation, and nearly three-quarters confirmed that import clearances are typically wrapped up within 48 hours. That said, 70% acknowledged that documentation errors do slow things down at least occasionally. While digital tools like EDI and WMS have been widely embraced, system downtime and uneven training continue to create friction. The study concludes that customs efficiency at FTWZ is driven by the interplay of accurate documentation, smart technology use, regulatory awareness, and good coordination between teams — and offers practical recommendations to sharpen performance across each of these dimensions.
Customs Procedure, FTWZ, VMI, SMI, ICEGATE, EDI, Duty Deferment, Documentation Accuracy, Trade Facilitation
Impact Of Social Media Advertising On Order Volume, Delivery Performance, And Customer Satisfaction
No-show behaviour in appointment scheduling systems has become a major operational challenge in service-based organizations. Missed appointments without prior cancellation lead to reduced productivity, poor resource utilization, customer dissatisfaction, and financial losses. The present study focuses on analyzing the causes and impact of no-show behaviour in appointment scheduling systems at CAFS Infotech. The study also examines the effectiveness of reminder notifications, booking convenience, and rescheduling flexibility in reducing missed appointments. Primary data for the study was collected from 50 respondents through structured questionnaires. Statistical tools such as percentage analysis, Chi-Square analysis, ANOVA, regression analysis, and reliability analysis were used through SPSS software for data interpretation. The findings indicate that reminder systems and digital scheduling methods improve customer convenience; however, statistical analysis shows no significant relationship between reminder notifications and no-show behaviour. The study concludes that organizations should strengthen communication systems, automated reminders, and flexible scheduling practices to improve appointment attendance and operational efficiency.
No-show Behaviour, Appointment Scheduling System, Reminder Notifications, Customer Behaviour, SPSS Analysis, CAFS Infotech, Service Efficiency, Appointment Management.
Human Resources Policies And Organizational Culture
Human Resource (HR) operations play a crucial role in shaping and sustaining organizational culture within an organization. HR operations involve key functions such as recruitment, training and development, performance management, employee engagement, and policy implementation. These functions directly influence employees’ behavior, attitudes, and overall workplace environment. A strong organizational culture, characterized by shared values, beliefs, and practices, enhances employee satisfaction, productivity, and organizational effectiveness. This study examines the relationship between HR operations and organizational culture, highlighting how effective HR practices contribute to building a positive work environment. It emphasizes that transparent communication, fair policies, and consistent leadership practices help in aligning employee goals with organizational objectives. Furthermore, HR operations act as a bridge between management and employees, ensuring that organizational values are clearly communicated and practiced. The findings suggest that organizations with well-structured HR operations tend to develop a strong, adaptive, and performance-driven culture. Thus, HR operations are not only administrative functions but also strategic tools that significantly impact organizational success and long-term sustainability.
HR Operations, Organizational Culture, Employee Engagement, Performance Management, Training and Development, Workplace Environment.
Impact Of Training Within A Industry(Twi) Programs On Productivity Improvement Of Shop Floor Employees
Training Within Industry programs play a part in helping employees do their jobs better improving the quality of work and getting more work done in factories. Good training helps the people who work on the factory floor learn skills make fewer mistakes work more efficiently and keep production going smoothly. This study looks at how Training Within Industry programs affect the productivity of the people who work on the factory floor at a factory from 2020 to 2025. The study uses information that the factory already had, like questionnaires filled out by employees training records, production reports, feedback from supervisors and reports on how the factory is doing. The study uses different tools to analyse the information like looking at how productive people are, comparing numbers looking at trends and evaluating how well employees are doing. The study finds that Training Within Industry programs really helped employees get work done and do their jobs better during the time the study was done. Employees got better at their jobs because they got instructions made fewer mistakes got better at using machines and followed the rules more closely. The study also saw that people were not wasting much time throwing away as much material or redoing as much work after the factory started training programs. Employees felt more confident. The study says that Training Within Industry programs had an effect, on the productivity of the people who work on the factory floor by helping them learn new skills work more efficiently and do their jobs better overall. The study also says that factories should keep training employees monitoring their performance and giving them hands-on practice to help them get better and better at their jobs. This can help factories produce more and do well in the run.
Training Within Industry Employee Productivity, Shop Floor Employees, Skill Development, Industrial Training, Operational Efficiency, Manufacturing Performance, Workforce Development, Productivity Improvement.
Measuring The Effect Of Social Media Ads On Order Volume, Delivery Perfomance, And Customer Satisfaction.
This study explores the effect of social media advertising on order volume, delivery performance, and customer satisfaction at Thrise (RBSorting Hat Private Limited). Businesses today rely on platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Amazon to increase sales and customer engagement. While advertisements improve order volume, they also create operational challenges related to inventory, fulfilment, and logistics. The study used a mixed-method approach during Spring 2026. Primary data was collected from 50 respondents through questionnaires, while secondary data was obtained from Amazon and Meta campaign metrics. Findings reveal that products such as Gluco Balance generated high conversion rates, whereas products like the CPAP Machine resulted in poor performance and unnecessary advertising expenses. Survey results indicate that customers are influenced by attractive advertisements, but delivery speed, tracking accuracy, and service reliability strongly affect customer satisfaction. The study concludes that businesses must balance marketing performance with operational efficiency to achieve sustainable growth and long-term customer satisfaction.
Social Media Advertising, Order Volume, Delivery Performance, Customer Satisfaction, E-Commerce, Conversion Rate (CVR), ROAS, Fulfilment, Buy Box, Thrise.
Student Perspectives on the Integration of ICT in Secondary Education: Evidence from Alipurduar District, West Bengal
This study investigates student perspectives on the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in secondary education within Alipurduar District, West Bengal a geographically peripheral, tribal-dominated region characterised by limited digital infrastructure. A descriptive survey method was employed with 200 secondary school students (Classes IX and X) selected through stratified random sampling from eight schools across rural, semi-urban, and urban areas. A structured Likert-scale questionnaire served as the primary data collection instrument. The study hypothesises that students in Alipurduar hold moderately positive attitudes towards ICT in learning, yet face substantial infrastructural and pedagogical barriers to its effective integration. Results reveal that 68.5% of respondents demonstrated positive perceptions of ICT integration, while only 37.5% of sampled schools had functional internet connectivity. Statistically significant gender differences were observed, with male students exhibiting stronger positive ICT attitudes. The study confirms that inadequate infrastructure, insufficient teacher training, poor connectivity, and language barriers in digital content collectively hinder effective ICT integration. Targeted policy interventions are recommended to accelerate digital equity in secondary education across the district. Data used in this study pertains to the period up to 2021.
ICT integration, secondary education, student perspectives, Alipurduar district, West Bengal
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