ROLE OF ECOTOURISM IN PRESERVING BIODIVERSITY: CASE STUDY OF PROTECTED AREA

Abstract

This study explores the establishment and management of Protected Private Areas (PPAs) in the Los Ríos
region of Chile, focusing on their social, economic, and environmental impacts. The creation of PPAs, such as
Huilo Huilo, Oncol Park, and RCV, was driven by national biodiversity conservation goals and the desire to
create sustainable economic opportunities, primarily through ecotourism [1]. While PPAs have brought
significant benefits, including job creation and infrastructure development, the distribution of these benefits has
been uneven, often favoring a limited number of landowners. The shift from timber-based economies to
ecotourism has been a positive step toward sustainable development but has faced challenges such as
seasonality, reliance on single landowners, and financial inequality. The study highlights the transformation of
community attitudes toward nature, especially among youth, fostering respect for the environment and
promoting sustainable practices. However, tensions have emerged due to restrictions on traditional resource
use, like timber and grazing land [2]. These challenges underscore the need for better communication,
participatory decision-making, and alternative livelihoods to balance conservation with community
development. The study concludes that further investment in local capacity-building, equitable distribution of
economic benefits, and stronger collaboration among stakeholders are essential for the long-term success of
PPAs and their impact on rural communities.