Critical Study of the Uniqueness of Indian Democracy

Abstract

This study explores the unique trajectory of Indian democracy, emphasizing its distinct development
compared to other democratic systems. Unlike democracies shaped by capitalist industrialization,
Indian democracy emerged with a focus on national sovereignty and constitutional principles rather
than individual liberties. The integration of Western republican ideals with a strong emphasis on state
power has resulted in a distinctive democratic model. Key findings reveal that, as articulated by Rajani
Kothari, the Indian state has evolved to mediate conflicts among diverse societal groups while
centralizing power, which has facilitated socio-economic management but also heightened tensions
related to class, ethnicity, and nationalism. The transition from elite-centered politics to a massoriented
system has politicized caste dynamics, leading to both competitive alliances and aggressive
movements. The rise of populism and the weakening of institutional frameworks pose significant threats
to liberal democratic values, resulting in societal fragmentation and increased violence. The study
underscores the necessity for institutionalized distributive justice and the protection of liberal freedoms
to maintain democratic stability. The evolving political landscape, marked by weak political parties
and undisciplined mobilization of diverse groups, requires ongoing scrutiny to ensure effective and
stable governance in India.