Ecofeminism Revisited: A Critical Appraisal of Theory and Practice

Abstract

Ecofeminism emerged in the 1970s as a critical framework linking environmental degradation with patriarchal domination, asserting that the exploitation of nature and women stems from similar oppressive structures. This study critically appraises ecofeminist theory and practice through quantitative analysis of contemporary environmental movements, gender participation in environmental activism, and policy outcomes. The research employs a survey-based methodology examining 385 environmental activists across India to assess the practical application and relevance of ecofeminist principles. The hypothesis posits that ecofeminist frameworks significantly influence environmental activism and policy formulation in contemporary contexts. Results indicate that 67.3% of respondents acknowledge ecofeminist principles in their activism, with women comprising 58.2% of grassroots environmental movements. Statistical analysis reveals significant correlations between ecofeminist awareness and sustainable practices (r=0.742, p<0.01). Discussion highlights the evolution of ecofeminism from theoretical constructs to practical environmental justice movements, particularly in Global South contexts. The study concludes that while ecofeminism faces theoretical critiques regarding essentialism, its practical applications demonstrate substantial impact on environmental governance and community-based conservation, particularly in India where women-led movements like Chipko and anti-dam protests exemplify ecofeminist praxis.